Keutsang Hermitage (Keutsang Ritrö)
Location and Layout
A view of the Keutsang Hermitage (Keutsang Ritrö)
The word keutsang means “cave,” “cavern,” or “overhang.”1 Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) lived for a time in a very precariously situated cave over a steep gorge to the east of the original Keutsang Hermitage, and it is possible that the hermitage derives its name from this cave. While Tsongkhapa was living there, there was a serious earthquake, and he exclaimed “ama”!2 The letters “a” and “ma” then imprinted themselves onto a rock next to the cave, and these, we were told, can be seen to this day. The cave itself fell in a landslide, and no longer exists.
The present Keutsang Hermitage is the rebuilt version of Keutsang West (Keutsang Nup), which today lies in ruins. The rebuilt Keutsang abuts the ruins of Keutsang West on the former’s eastern side. Rather than rebuilding on the ruins of the old hermitage, the monks chose to start from scratch and to relocate the hermitage just to the west of Keutsang West, which they say was a site more suitable to building.
Keutsang is located to the east of Sera on the side of a mountain above Lhasa’s principal cemetery. Keutsang is also located just below (about a five-minute walk from) Rakhadrak Hermitage (Rakhadrak Ritrö). It takes about fifty minutes to walk from Sera to Keutsang. The hermitage is the second-to-last stop on the Sera Mountain Circumambulation Circuit (Seré Rikhor) route that pilgrims navigate as part of the Sixth-Month Fourth-Day (Drukpa Tsezhi) festivities. (To see images of the pilgrimage taken in 2002, please click here.)
The hermitage is enclosed by a perimeter wall with two gates, one to the west and one to the east. Outside the western gate there is a tiny chapel that houses a self-arisen rock-image of the deity Acala (Miyowa) that was originally on a boulder in the area that is presently the “Dharma courtyard” (chöra). It was moved from the Dharma courtyard to its present spot because the head of the hermitage believed that at its former site it was too close to an area where the monks urinated.
At the center of the compound is the (two-story) main temple. The first floor contains the monastery’s principal assembly hall (dukhang). The second story contains a reception and meeting room. Just to the east of the temple is the monastery kitchen. The monks for the most part eat communally, and all of the meals are prepared here. Flanking the temple-kitchen complex on both sides are two wings of monks’ living quarters. Just to the west of the western wing of monks’ rooms, adjacent to the western gate, is a new guest house that was just being completed in 2004.
The monks of Keutsang in a prayer-assembly inside the main temple. They wear the yellow ceremonial robe (chögö).
Behind the main temple is the large, three-story “ secondary temple building.”
- The first floor of this building contains little more than the stairway to the second floor and some storage rooms.
- The second story contains, on one side, a Scripture Temple (Kangyur lhakhang) that houses the collection of scriptures. This room also contains a small protector deity altar. The main figure in the middle of the alter is Penden Lhamo; she is flanked on one side by Dorjé Yudrönma, the “site deity” (nedak) of this location, and on the other by Nyangdren Gyelchen. These three are the chief protector deities of the hermitage. On this same level but at the other end of the building there is a Tengyur chapel (Tengyur lhakhang) that houses the collection of the translated Indian treatises.
- The third floor contains the private quarters of the Dalai Lama, the rooms of the Keutsang Lama and the Maitreya Chapel (Jamkhang), whose main image is a famous two-story Maitreya (Jampa) that overlooks the cemetery below the hermitage. Like the stone Buddha image at Pabongkha Hermitage (Pabongkha Ritrö), this Maitreya (Jampa) is said to guarantee rebirth in a pure land to any individual whose remains are brought to the cemetery beneath Keutsang. According to another tradition, this Maitreya statue and the one in the Maitreya Chapel in the northern end of the Barkor in Lhasa are said to constantly exchange rays of light with one another.
The two-story Maitreya image on the top floor of the secondary temple building at Keutsang.
Finally, to the east of the secondary temple building (in the northeastern corner of the hermitage) there is a large “Dharma enclosure” or chöra that in 2004 was just being completed. Since Keutsang is a ritual monastery, the younger monks principally use the Dharma enclosure as a place to sit and memorize ritual texts when their rooms become cramped and they want some fresh air.
All of the images in Keutsang’s various temples and chapels are new.
History
A statue of one of the early Keutsang Lamas in the Maitreya Chapel.
Centuries before Gelukpas began to use the site as a place for meditation retreat, Keutsang was renowned as a retreat site used by famous lamas of the past. For example, it is said that a cave at Keutsang West was a retreat site of the famous twelfth-century founder of the Tselpa Kargyü school, Lama Zhang (1123-1193).3 As has been mentioned, Tsongkhapa also lived at one of the caves here for a period of time. Keutsang West Hermitage (Keutsang Nup Ritrö) was formally established as a Geluk institution by the first Keutsang incarnation Jampa Mönlam (Keutsang Kutreng Dangpo Jampa Mönlam), the seventeenth abbot of the Jé College (Dratsang Jé) of Sera. He retired from the abbacy early to enter into retreat. Taking up residence in one of the caves at Keutsang, he eventually built a retreat hut. Students began to come to him for instruction, and by the time of his death a small institution had coalesced around him at the site.
His reincarnation, the second Keutsang incarnation Lozang Jamyang Mönlam (Keutsang Kutreng Nyipa Lozang Jamyang Mönlam), was born into the wealthy Doring aristocratic family of Lhasa.4 Given the wealth of this family, one might hazard to guess that it was during the time of the second Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Kutreng Nyipa) that some of the more important buildings at the site were constructed, but only further research will bear this out. We know little about the third Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Trülku), but the fourth was one of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama Tupten Gyatso’s (Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuksumpa Tupten Gyatso) closest associates. After the Dalai Lama’s death, the fourth Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Trülku) was one of the principal figures responsible for identifying the present (fourteenth) Dalai Lama. One assumes that because of this the hermitage grew greatly in fame, prestige, and wealth during the time of the fourth Keutsang incarnation. The present and the fifth Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Kutreng Ngapa) was jailed and suffered greatly during the Cultural Revolution. He left Tibet and went into exile in India in the 1980s.
The hermitage had a strong relationship to Sera throughout its entire history. Every official monk of the hermitage was also, de facto, a monk of the Hamdong Regional House (Hamdong Khangtsen) of the Jé College. This is no longer the case, however, since today the hermitage is an independent institution (albeit one that has amicable ties to Sera Jé College [Sera Dratsang Jé]). While on the subject of institutional affiliations, it should also be mentioned that from the early nineteenth century up to 1959 Keutsang was the official owner of the famous Drapchi Temple (Drapchi Lhakhang) located in the northern part of Lhasa. The Keutsang Lama kept rooms atop the Drapchi Temple for his personal use.
The original Keutsang West Hermitage was destroyed after the events of 1959. Using principally his own funds (and with a great deal of volunteer labor from the local community), a former monk of the hermitage began the work of reconstruction in 1991. By 1992, both the main temple and the secondary temple had been completed and one year later the monks’ quarters were finished. Today the hermitage is home to about twenty-five monks.
Some of the monks gather outside the main temple for a group picture.
As is the case with all of the Sera hermitages that have survived, Keutsang today is a ritual monastery. The hermitage always celebrates the new and full moon, as well as the tenth and twenty-fifth of the lunar month. Groups of monks will also go to the homes of local villagers to do rituals when requested. This is an essential source of income for the hermitage.
In addition to the regular monthly ritual cycles, the hermitage also, of course, engage in regular annual ritual cycles: for example, during the Tibetan New Year, and in the fourth Tibetan month, when the monks do eight sets of two-day Avalokiteśvara fasting rituals (nyungné). The monks also observe the rainy season precepts in the summer. In the eighth Tibetan month all of the junior monks must submit to a memorization exam on the ritual texts they have learned throughout the year. At this time, a senior scholar from Sera is invited to the hermitage to conduct the examinations.
Glossary
Note: The glossary is organized into sections according to the main language of each entry. The first section contains Tibetan words organized in Tibetan alphabetical order. To jump to the entries that begin with a particular Tibetan root letter, click on that letter below. Columns of information for all entries are listed in this order: THL Extended Wylie transliteration of the term, THL Phonetic rendering of the term, the English translation, the Sanskrit equivalent, associated dates, and the type of term. To view the glossary sorted by any one of these rubrics, click on the corresponding label (such as “Phonetics”) at the top of its column.
Ka | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ka thung | katung | short pillar | Term | ||
ka ring | karing | long pillar | Term | ||
kang shi | Kangshi | Kangxi | 1654-1722 | Person | |
kun rig rnam par snang mdzad | Künrik Nampar Nangdzé | Sarvavid Vairocana | Buddha | ||
ke’u tshang | Keutsang | Monastery | |||
ke’u tshang | keutsang | cave, cavern, or overhang | Term | ||
ke’u tshang sku phreng lnga pa | Keutsang Kutreng Ngapa | the fifth Keutsang incarnation | Person | ||
ke’u tshang sku phreng gnyis pa | Keutsang Kutreng Nyipa | the second Keutsang incarnation | b. 1791 | Person | |
ke’u tshang sku phreng gnyis pa blo bzang ’jam dbyangs smon lam | Keutsang Kutreng Nyipa Lozang Jamyang Mönlam | the second Keutsang incarnation Lozang Jamyang Mönlam | b. 1791 | Person | |
ke’u tshang sku phreng dang po byams pa smon lam | Keutsang Kutreng Dangpo Jampa Mönlam | the first Keutsang incarnation Jampa Mönlam | d. 1790 | Person | |
ke’u tshang ’jam dbyangs blo gsal | Keutsang Jamyang Losel | Person | |||
ke’u tshang nub | Keutsang Nup | Keutsang West | Monastery | ||
ke’u tshang nub ri khrod | Keutsang Nup Ritrö | Keutsang West Hermitage | Monastery | ||
ke’u tshang sprul sku | Keutsang Trülku | Keutsang incarnation | Person | ||
ke’u tshang bla brang | Keutsang Labrang | Keutsang Lama’s estate | Monastery | ||
ke’u tshang bla ma | Keutsang Lama | Person | |||
ke’u tshang ri khrod | Keutsang Ritrö | Keutsang Hermitage | Monastery | ||
ke’u tshang shar | Keutsang Shar | Keutsang East | Monastery | ||
ke’u tshang shar ri khrod | Keutsang Shar Ritrö | Keutsang East Hermitage | Monastery | ||
kong po jo rdzong | Kongpo Jodzong | Place | |||
krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang | Trunggö Börikpa Petrünkhang | Publisher | |||
klong rdol bla ma ngag dbang blo bzang | Longdöl Lama Ngawang Lozang | 1719-1794 | Person | ||
dkar chag | karchak | inventory | Term | ||
dkar chag | karchak | catalogue | Term | ||
bka’ ’gyur | Kangyur | Scriptures | Tibetan text collection | ||
bka’ ’gyur lha khang | Kangyur lhakhang | Scripture Temple | Building | ||
bka’ brgyud | Kargyü | Organization | |||
bka’ gdams pa | Kadampa | Organization | |||
bka’ gdams lha khang | Kadam Lhakhang | Kadam Chapel | Room | ||
bka’ babs bu chen brgyad | kabap buchen gyé | eight great close disciples | Term | ||
bka’ babs ming can brgyad | Kabap Mingchen Gyé | the “eight great ones who were named to receive the oral instructions” | |||
bkra shis chos gling | Trashi Chöling | Monastery | |||
bkra shis chos gling ri khrod | Trashi Chöling Ritrö | Trashi Chöling Hermitage | Monastery | ||
bkra shis gser nya | trashi sernya | two auspicious golden fish | Term | ||
bkra shis lhun po | Trashi Lhünpo | Monastery | |||
sku mkhar | kukhar | castle | Term | ||
sku mkhar ma ru | Kukhar Maru | Maru Castle | Building | ||
sku bzhi khang | Kuzhi Khang | Chapel of the Four Statues | Room | ||
sku rim grwa tshang | kurim dratsang | ritual college | Term | ||
bskang gso | kangso | propitiation ritual | Ritual | ||
bskal bzang rgya mtsho | Kelzang Gyatso | 1708-1757 | Person | ||
Kha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
khang tshan | khangtsen | regional house | Term | ||
khams | Kham | Place | |||
khal | khel | a unit of weight/volume equal to about 25-30 lbs. | Term | ||
khri byang sku phreng gsum pa blo bzang ye shes | Trijang Kutreng Sumpa Lozang Yeshé | the third Trijang incarnation Lozang Yeshé | 1901-1981 | Person | |
khri byang rin po che | Trijang Rinpoché | 1901-1981 | Person | ||
khrod | trö | in the midst of | Term | ||
khrod | trö | on the side of | Term | ||
mkhan ngag dbang bstan ’dzin | Khen Ngawang Tendzin | Person | |||
mkha’ spyod dbyings | Khachö Ying | Room | |||
mkhar rdo | Khardo | Monastery | |||
mkhar rdo sku phreng lnga pa jam dbyangs chos kyi dbang phyug | Khardo Kutreng Ngapa Jamyang Chökyi Wangchuk | the fifth Khardo incarnation Jamyang Chökyi Wangchuk | 19th-20th centuries | Person | |
mkhar rdo sku phreng drug pa ’jam dpal thub bstan nyan grags rgya mtsho | Khardo Kutreng Drukpa Jampel Tupten Nyendrak Gyatso | the sixth Khardo incarnation Jampel Tupten Nyendrak Gyatso | 1909/12?-1956? | Person | |
mkhar rdo sku phreng bdun pa ’jam dpal bstan ’dzin nyan grags rgya mtsho | Khardo Kutreng Dünpa Jampel Tendzin Nyendrak Gyatso | the seventh Khardo incarnation Jampel Tendzin Nyendrak Gyatso | Person | ||
mkhar rdo sku phreng bzhi pa padma dga’ ba’i rdo rje | Khardo Kutreng Zhipa Pema Gawé Dorjé | the fourth Khardo incarnation Pema Gawé Dorjé | 19th century | Person | |
mkhar rdo sku phreng gsum pa chos kyi rdo rje | Khardo Kutreng Sumpa Chökyi Dorjé | the third Khardo incarnation Chökyi Dorjé | b. 18th century | Person | |
mkhar rdo sku phreng gsum pa rigs ’dzin chos kyi rdo rje | Khardo Kutreng Sumpa Rikdzin Chökyi Dorjé | the third Khardo incarnation Rikdzin Chökyi Dorjé | Person | ||
mkhar rdo mthun mchod | Khardo Tünchö | Festival | |||
mkhar rdo ba | Khardowa | Person | |||
mkhar rdo bla brang | Khardo Labrang | Khardo Lama’s estate | Organization | ||
mkhar rdo tshoms chen | Khardo Tsomchen | Khardo Assembly Hall | Room | ||
mkhar rdo ri khrod | Khardo Ritrö | Khardo Hermitage | Monastery | ||
mkhar rdo rin po che | Khardo Rinpoché | Person | |||
mkhar rdo srong btsan | Khardo Songtsen | Buddha | |||
mkhar rdo sgrub sde gsum | Khardo Drupdé Sum | the three practice centers of kardo | Monastery | ||
mkhar rdo ba | Khardowa | Person | |||
mkhar rdo bla ma | Khardo Lama | Person | |||
mkhar rdo bzod pa rgya mtsho | Khardo Zöpa Gyatso | 1672-1749 | Person | ||
mkhar rdo gshin rje ’khrul ’khor | Khardo Shinjé Trülkhor | Khardo (Hermitage’s) Lord of Death Machine | Term | ||
mkhas grub rje | Kedrupjé | 1385-1438 | Person | ||
’khon ston | Khöntön | 1561-1637 | Person | ||
’khon ston dpal ’byor lhun grub | Khöntön Peljor Lhündrup | 1561-1637 | Person | ||
’khrungs dbu rtse | Trung Utsé | Birth Peak | Place | ||
’khrungs ba’i bla ri | Trungwé Lari | Birth Soul Mountain | Place | ||
’khrungs ba’i lha ri | Trungwé Lhari | Birth Deity Peak | Place | ||
Ga | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
ga ru | Garu | Monastery | |||
ga ru | Garu | dance | Term | ||
ga ru dgon pa | Garu Gönpa | Garu Nunnery | Monastery | ||
gar | gar | dance | Term | ||
gar dgon bsam gtan gling | Gargön Samten Ling | Dance Gompa: Place of Meditative Equipoise | Monastery | ||
gar dgon bsam gtan gling gi lo rgyus mun sel mthong ba don ldan | Gargön Samten Linggi Logyü Münsel Tongwa Dönden | A History of Gargön Samten Ling: Clearing Away Darkness, Meaningful to Behold | Tibetan text title | ||
gar lo | Garlo | A History of Garu [Nunnery] | Tibetan text title | ||
gu ru rin po che | Guru Rinpoché | 8th century | Person | ||
grub thob lha khang | Druptop Lhakhang | Siddha Chapel | Room | ||
grog mo chu mig | Drokmo Chumik | Ravine Spring | Place | ||
grong smad | Drongmé | Place | |||
grwa tshang byes | Dratsang Jé | Jé College | Monastery | ||
grwa tshang smad | Dratsang Mé | Mé College | Monastery | ||
grwa bzhi | Drapchi | Building | |||
grwa bzhi lha khang | Drapchi Lhakhang | Drapchi Temple | Building | ||
glang dar ma | Langdarma | d. 842 | Person | ||
dga’ chos dbyings | Gachö Ying | Room | |||
dga’ ldan | Ganden | Monastery | |||
dga’ ldan khri pa | Ganden tripa | throne-holder of Ganden | Term | ||
dga’ ldan lnga mchod | Ganden Ngamchö | the Ganden Feast of the 25th | Festival | ||
dga ldan chos ’nyung bai ḍūrya ser po | Ganden Chönyung Baidurya Serpo | Yellow Lapis: A History of the Ganden [School] | Tibetan text title | ||
dga’ ldan pho brang | Ganden Podrang | Ganden Palace | Organization | ||
dga’ spyod dbyings | Gachö Ying | Room | |||
dgun nyi ldog gi cho ga | Gün Nyidokgi Choga | Winter Solstice Ritual | Ritual | ||
dge lugs | Geluk | Organization | |||
dge lugs pa | Gelukpa | Organization | |||
dge bshes | geshé | Term | |||
dge bshes pha bong khar grags pa | Geshé Pabongkhar drakpa | “Geshé Pabongkha” | Person | ||
dge bshes brag dkar ba | Geshé Drakkarwa | 1032-1111 | Person | ||
dge bshes ye shes dbang phyug | Geshé Yeshé Wangchuk | b. 20th century | Person | ||
dge bshes seng ge | Geshé Senggé | d. 1990s | Person | ||
dge slong | gelong | fully-ordained monk | Term | ||
dgon pa | gönpa | monastery | Term | ||
dgon pa gsar | Gönpasar | Monastery | |||
dgon pa gsar | gönpa sar | new monastery | Term | ||
dgon pa gsar sku phreng dang po ngag dbang don grub | Gönpasar Kutreng Dangpo Ngawang Döndrup | first Gönpasar incarnation Ngawang Döndrup | 18th century | Person | |
dgon pa gsar ri khrod | Gönpasar Ritrö | Gönpasar Hermitage | Monastery | ||
mgon dkar | Gönkar | White Mahākāla | Buddha | ||
mgon khang | gönkhang | protector deity chapel | Term | ||
mgon po | Gönpo | Mahākāla | Buddha | ||
mgon po gtor rgyag | Gönpo Torgyak | Throwing of the Torma to Mahākāla | Ritual | ||
mgon po phyag drug | Gönpo Chakdruk | Six-Armed Mahākāla | Buddha | ||
mgon po a gho | Gönpo Agho | Buddha | |||
’gyed | gep | money offering to monks | Term | ||
rgya mtsho mtha’ yas | Gyatso Tayé | Person | |||
rgya res | Gyaré | Buddha | |||
rgya res tshoms chen | Gyaré Tsomchen | Building | |||
rgyal chen karma ’phrin las | Gyelchen Karma Trinlé | Buddha | |||
rgyal ba lnga pa chen po | Gyelwa Ngapa Chenpo | the Great Fifth Dalai Lama | 1617-1682 | Person | |
rgyal ba’i rigs lnga bla ri | Gyelwé Riknga Lari | Soul Mountain of the Buddhas of the Five Families | Place | ||
rgyal mo tshe ring bkra shis | Gyelmo Tsering Trashi | Queen Tsering Trashi | 18th century | Person | |
rgyal tshab rje | Gyeltsapjé | 1364-1432 | Person | ||
rgyal rabs gsal ba’i me long | Gyelrap Selwé Melong | The Clear Mirror: A Royal History | Tibetan text title | ||
rgyal rong khang tshan | Gyelrong Khangtsen | Gyelrong Regional House | Monastery subunit | ||
rgyugs | gyuk | examination | Term | ||
rgyud stod | Gyütö | Upper Tantric [College] | Monastery | ||
rgyud smad | Gyümé | Lower Tantric [College] | Monastery | ||
rgyud smad grwa tshang | Gyümé Dratsang | The Lower Tantric College | Monastery | ||
rgyun ja | gyünja | daily tea or prayer | Term | ||
sgo gnyer | gonyer | temple attendant | Term | ||
sgo srung | gosung | door-keeper | Term | ||
sgom chen | gomchen | meditator | Term | ||
sgom sde nam kha’ rgyal mtshan | Gomdé Namkha Gyeltsen | 1532-1592 | Person | ||
sgom sde pa | Gomdepa | 1532-1592 | Person | ||
sgra ’dzin chu mig | Dradzin Chumik | Sound-Catcher (or Ear) Spring | Place | ||
sgrub khang | drupkhang | meditation hut | Term | ||
sgrub khang dge legs rgya mtsho | Drupkhang Gelek Gyatso | 1641-1713 | Person | ||
sgrub khang pa | Drupkhangpa | 1641-1713 | Person | ||
sgrub khang sprul sku | Drupkhang Trülku | Drupkhang incarnation | Person | ||
sgrub khang bla brang | Drupkhang Labrang | Drupkhang Lama’s estate | Organization | ||
sgrub khang bla ma | Drupkhang lama | Person | |||
sgrub khang ri khrod | Drupkhang Ritrö | Drupkhang Hermitage | Monastery | ||
sgrub grwa | drupdra | practice center | Term | ||
sgrub thabs | druptap | ritual method of realization | Term | ||
sgrub sde | drupdé | practice-center | Term | ||
sgrub phug | druppuk | meditation cave | Term | ||
sgrol chog | Drölchok | Tārā Ritual | Ritual | ||
sgrol ma | Drölma | Tārā | Buddha | ||
sgrol ma lha khang | Drölma Lhakhang | Tārā Chapel | Building | ||
brgya | gya | hundred | Term | ||
brgyad | gyé | eight | Term | ||
Nga | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
ngag dbang byams pa | Ngawang Jampa | 1682-1762 | Person | ||
ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho | Ngawang Lozang Gyatso | 1617-1682 | Person | ||
ngag dbang sman rgyal | Ngawang Mengyal | 20th century | Person | ||
ngul gyi par khang | ngülgyi parkhang | money printing press | Term | ||
sngags | ngak | mantra | Term | ||
sngags pa | ngakpa | tantric priest | Term | ||
sngags pa grwa tshang | Ngakpa Dratsang | Tantric College | Monastery | ||
Ca | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
gcig bu pa | chikbupa | recluse | Term | ||
bca’ yig | chayik | constitution | Term | ||
Cha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
chab rdzing gling kha | Chapdzing Lingkha | Pond Park | Place | ||
chu mo yos | chumo yö | female-water-hare (year) | Date | ||
chu bzang | chupzang | good waters | Term | ||
chu bzang | Chupzang | Monastery | |||
chu bzang dgon | Chupzang Gön | Chupzang Nunnery | Monastery | ||
chu bzang ye shes rgya mtsho | Chupzang Yeshé Gyatso | 1789-1856 | Person | ||
cho ga phyag len | choga chaklen | ritual | Term | ||
chos kyi rdo rje | Chökyi Dorjé | b. 18th century? | Person | ||
chos kyi seng ge | Chökyi Senggé | Person | |||
chos skyong | chökyong | protector deity | Term | ||
chos khang rtse ba dgon pa | Chökhang Tsewa Gönpa | Chökhang Tsewa Monastery | Monastery | ||
chos ’khor dus chen | Chönkhor Düchen | Festival of the Turning of the Wheel of the Doctrine | Festival | ||
chos gos | chögö | yellow ceremonial robe | Term | ||
chos rgyal | Chögyel | Dharmarāja | Buddha | ||
chos rgyal khri srong lde’u btsan | Chögyel Trisong Detsen | the Buddhist king (of Tibet) Trisong Detsen | 742-796 | Person | |
chos rgyal srong btsan sgam po | Chögyel Songtsen Gampo | the Buddhist king (of Tibet) Songtsen Gampo | 617-650 | Person | |
chos thog | chötok | ritual cycle | Term | ||
chos sdings | Chöding | Monastery | |||
chos sdings ri khrod | Chöding Ritrö | Chöding Hermitage | Monastery | ||
chos me khang | chömé khang | butter-lamp offering house | Term | ||
chos mtshams | chötsam | doctrine retreat | Term | ||
chos gzhis | chözhi | estate lands | Term | ||
chos rwa | chöra | Dharma enclosure or Dharma courtyard | Term | ||
mchod mjal | chönjel | worship | Term | ||
mchod rten dkar chung | Chöten Karchung | Little White Stūpa | Monument | ||
’chi med lha khang | Chimé Lhakhang | Chapel of Deathlessness | Building | ||
Ja | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
ja bdun dang thug pa gnyis | ja dün dang tukpa nyi | seven teas and two soups | Term | ||
jo khang | Jokhang | Monastery | |||
jo ston bsod nams rgyal mtshan | Jotön Sönam Gyeltsen | 17th century | Person | ||
jo bo | jowo | the Lord | Term | ||
jo bo mi bskyod rdo rje | Jowo Mikyö Dorjé | Buddha | |||
jo mo si si | Jomo Sisi | Place | |||
’jam dpal bla ri | Jampel Lari | Mañjuśrī Peak | Place | ||
’jam dpal dbyangs kyi bla ri | Jampelyangkyi Lari | the Soul-Mountain of Mañjuśrī | Place | ||
’jam dbyangs grags pa | Jamyang Drakpa | Person | |||
’jigs byed kyi me long | Jikjekyi Melong | Mirror of Vajrabhairava | Place | ||
’jigs byed lha bcu gsum | Jikjé Lha Chuksum | Thirteen-Deity Vajrabhairava | Buddha | ||
’jog po | Jokpo | Monastery | |||
’jog po ngag dbang bstan ’dzin | Jokpo Ngawang Tendzin | b. 1748 | Person | ||
’jog po bla brang | Jokpo Labrang | Jokpo Lama’s estate | Organization | ||
’jog po bla brang | Jokpo Labrang | Jokpo Lama’s residence | Organization | ||
’jog po ri khrod | Jokpo Ritrö | Jokpo Hermitage | Monastery | ||
’jog po rin po che | Jokpo Rinpoché | b. 1748 | Person | ||
’jog ri ngag dbang bstan ’dzin | Jokri Ngawang Tendzin | b. 1748 | Person | ||
rje btsun nam mkha’ spyod sgrol rdor dbang mo | Jetsün Namkhachö Dröldor Wangmo | Jetsün (or Khachö) Dröldor Wangmo | Person | ||
rje btsun bla ma ngag dbang rnam grol | Jetsün Lama Ngawang Namdröl | Person | |||
rje gzigs pa lnga ldan | Jé Zikpa Ngaden | Five Visions of the Lord (Tsongkhapa) | Painting series | ||
rje shes rab seng ge | Jé Sherap Senggé | 1383-1445 | Person | ||
Nya | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
nyang bran | Nyangdren | Place | |||
nyang bran rgyal chen | Nyangdren Gyelchen | Buddha | |||
nyi ’od pho brang | Nyiwö Podrang | Palace of the Rays of the Sun | Room | ||
nye ba’i gnas bzhi | nyewé né zhi | Four Principal Sites | Place | ||
gnyer pa | nyerpa | manager | Term | ||
gnyer tshang | nyertsang | manager’s room | Term | ||
rnying | nying | old | Term | ||
rnying ma | Nyingma | Organization | |||
rnying ma sgrub grwa | Nyingma drupdra | Nyingma practice center | Term | ||
rnying ma pa | Nyingmapa | Organization | |||
rnying ma bla ma | Nyingma lama | Term | |||
snying khrag | nyingdrak | heart’s-blood | Term | ||
bsnyen pa | nyenpa | approximation retreat | Term | ||
Ta | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
tā rā’i bla ri | Taré Lari | the Soul-Mountain of Tārā | Place | ||
trak shad | Trakshé | Buddha | |||
gter | ter | treasure | Term | ||
gter bdag srong btsan | Terdak Songtsen | Treasure Lord Songtsen | Buddha | ||
gter nas ston pa | terné tönpa | discovered as treasure | Term | ||
rta mgrin | Tamdrin | Hayagrīva | Buddha | ||
rta mgrin gsang sgrub | Tamdrin Sangdrup | Hayagrīva in his “Secret Accomplishment” form | Buddha | ||
rta ma do nyag | Tama Donyak | Place | |||
rta tshag ye shes bstan pa’i mgon po | Tatsak Yeshé Tenpé Gönpo | 1760-1810 | Person | ||
rtag brtan | takten | permanent and stable | Term | ||
rtags brtan | takten | stable sign | Term | ||
rtags brten | Takten | Monastery | |||
rtags brten ri khrod | Takten Ritrö | Takten Hermitage | Monastery | ||
rtags bstan | takten | revealed sign | Term | ||
rtags bstan | Takten | Monastery | |||
rtags bstan sgrub phug | Takten Druppuk | Monastery | |||
rtags bstan ri khrod | Takten Ritrö | Takten Hermitage | Monastery | ||
rten khang | tenkhang | Term | |||
mchod rten | chöten | stūpa | Monument | ||
bstan ’gyur | tengyur | Collection of Translated Śāstras | Tibetan text title | ||
bstan ’gyur lha khang | Tengyur lhakhang | Tengyur chapel | Building | ||
bstan nor mkhar rdo | Tennor Khardo | b. 1957 | Person | ||
bstan ma | Tenma | Class of deities | |||
Tha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
thang ka | tangka | Term | |||
thang stong rgyal po | Tangtong Gyelpo | 1361-1485 | Person | ||
thu’u bkwan | Tuken | 1737-1802 | Person | ||
theg chen gso sbyong | Tekchen Sojong | Mahāyāna Precepts | Term | ||
phyag stong spyan stong | chaktong chentong | Thousand-Armed Thousand-Eyed Avalokiteśvara | Buddhist deity | ||
thogs med rin po che | Tokmé Rinpoché | 20th century | Person | ||
thod smyon bsam grub | Tönyön Samdrup | 12th century | Person | ||
thon mi | Tönmi | 7th century | Person | ||
Da | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
dā ma | dama | Term | |||
dā ma la nyag | Damala Nyak | Place | |||
da lai bla ma | Dalai Lama | Person | |||
da lai bla ma sku phreng dgu pa | Dalai Lama Kutreng Gupa | the Ninth Dalai Lama | 1806-1815 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng brgyad pa ’jam dpal rgya mtsho | Dalai Lama Kutreng Gyepa Jampel Gyatso | the Eighth Dalai Lama Jampel Gyatso | 1758-1804 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng lnga pa | Dalai Lama Kutreng Ngapa | the Fifth Dalai Lama | 1617-1682 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng lnga pa ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho | Dalai Lama Kutreng Ngapa Ngawang Lozang Gyatso | the Fifth Dalai Lama Ngawang Lozang Gyatso | 1617-1682 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng bcu bzhi pa | Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuzhipa | the Fourteenth Dalai Lama | b. 1935 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng bcu gsum pa | Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuksumpa | the Thirteenth Dalai Lama | 1876-1933 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng bcu gsum pa thub bstan rgya mtsho | Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuksumpa Tupten Gyatso | the Thirteenth Dalai Lama Tupten Gyatso | 1876-1933 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng drug pa | Dalai Lama Kutreng Drukpa | the Sixth Dalai Lama | 1683-1706 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng bdun pa | Dalai Lama Kutreng Dünpa | the Seventh Dalai Lama | 1708-1757 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng bdun pa bskal bzang rgya mtsho | Dalai Lama Kutreng Dünpa Kelzang Gyatso | the Seventh Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso | 1708-1757 | Person | |
da lai bla ma sku phreng gsum pa | Dalai Lama Kutreng Sumpa | the Third Dalai Lama | 1543-1588 | Person | |
ḍākinī | dakini | ḍākinī | Term | ||
dam chen chos rgyal | Damchen Chögyel | Dharmarāja | Buddha | ||
dung dkar blo bzang ’phrin las | Dungkar Lozang Trinlé | 1927-1997 | Person | ||
dung dkar tshig mdzod | Dungkar Tsikdzö | Dungkar Dictionary | Tibetan text title | ||
dung dkar tshig mdzod chen mo | Dungkar Tsikdzö Chenmo | The Great Dungkar Dictionary | Tibetan text title | ||
dung dkar rin po che | Dungkar Rinpoché | 1927-1997 | Person | ||
dur khrod | durtrö | cemetery | Term | ||
dus ’khor | Dükhor | Kālacakra | Buddha | ||
de bi ko ṭi | Debi Koti | Debikoṭi | Place | ||
de mo sku phreng brgyad pa ngag dbang blo bzang thub bstan ’jigs med rgya mtsho | Demo Kutreng Gyepa Ngawang Lozang Tupten Jikmé Gyatso | the eighth Demo incarnation Ngawang Lozang Tupten Jikmé Gyatso | 1778-1819 | Person | |
dog bde | Dodé | Place | |||
dog sde | Dokdé | Dodé | Place | ||
dog sde lho smon | Dodé Lhomön | Place | |||
dwags po grwa tshang | Dakpo Dratsang | Dakpo College | Monastery | ||
drag phyogs kyi las | drakchokkyi lé | wrathful magical powers | Term | ||
drang nges legs bshad snying po | Drangngé Lekshé Nyingpo | The Essence of Eloquence that Distinguishes between the Provisional and Definitive Meaning | Tibetan text title | ||
drug pa tshe bzhi | Drukpa Tsezhi | Sixth-Month Fourth-Day | Festival | ||
drung pa brtson ’grus rgyal mtshan | Drungpa Tsöndrü Gyeltsen | fl. 17th century | Person | ||
drung pa rin po che | Drungpa Rinpoché | fl. 17th century | Person | ||
gdan sa | densa | seats of learning | Term | ||
gdan sa gsum | Densa Sum | the three great Geluk seats of learning | |||
gdugs dkar | Dukar | Buddha | |||
gdugs pa’i bla ri | Dukpé Lari | the Parasol Soul Mountain | Place | ||
gdugs yur dgon | Dukyur Gön | Monastery | |||
gdung rten | dungten | funerary stūpa | Term | ||
bdag bskyed | dakkyé | self-generation | Term | ||
bdag ’jug | danjuk | self-initiation | Term | ||
bde chen pho brang | Dechen Podrang | Palace of Great Bliss | Room | ||
bde mchog | Demchok | Cakrasaṃvara | Buddha | ||
bde mchog gi pho brang | Demchokgi Podrang | Palace of Cakrasaṃvara | Place | ||
bde mchog bla mchod | Demchok Lachö | Offering to the Master Based on the Deity Cakrasaṃvara | Ritual | ||
bde mchog bla ri | Demchok Lari | Soul Mountain of Demchok | Place | ||
mdo skal bzang | Do Kelzang | Sūtra of Good Fortune | Tibetan text title | ||
’du khang | dukhang | assembly hall | Term | ||
’dra sku | draku | simulacrum (type of statue) | Term | ||
rdo sku | doku | stone image | Term | ||
rdo cung cong zhi’i phug pa | Dochung Chongzhi Pukpa | Cavern of Dochung Chongzhi | Place | ||
rdo rje ’jigs byed | Dorjé Jikjé | Vajrabhairava | Buddha | ||
rdo rje rnal ’byor ma | Dorjé Neljorma | Vajrayoginī | Buddha | ||
rdo rje btsun mo | Dorjé Tsünmo | Buddha | |||
rdo rje g.yu sgron ma | Dorjé Yudrönma | Buddha | |||
rdo rje shugs ldan | Dorjé Shukden | Buddha | |||
rdo rje sems dpa’ | Dorjé Sempa | Vajrasattva | Buddha | ||
rdo gter | Dodé | Place | |||
rdo ring | Doring | Clan | |||
sdig pa chen po | dikpa chenpo | great sin | Term | ||
sde srid | desi | regent | Term | ||
sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho | Desi Sanggyé Gyatso | 1653-1705 | Person | ||
Na | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
na chung rtse mo ri | Nachung Tsemo Ri | Place | |||
na ro mkha’ spyod ma | Naro Kachöma | Buddha | |||
na ro mkha’ spyod ma’i bdag ’jug | Naro Khachömé Danjuk | Self-initiation Ritual of Naro Khachöma | Ritual | ||
nag chu | Nakchu | Place | |||
nag chu zhabs brtan dgon pa | Nakchu Zhapten Gönpa | Monastery | |||
nag ril chen po zhig | nakril chenpo zhik | a large dark shape | Term | ||
nang rten gtso bo | nangten tsowo | main inner image(s) | Term | ||
nam mkha’ rgyal mtshan | Namkha Gyeltsen | 1532-1592 | Person | ||
nor bu gling kha | Norbu Lingkha | Place | |||
gnas kyi bla ma | nekyi lama | head lama | Term | ||
gnas sgo gdong | Negodong | Monastery | |||
gnas sgo gdong ri khrod | Negodong Hermitage | Monastery | |||
gnas bcu lha khang | Nechu Lhakhang | Temple of the Sixteen Arhats | Building | ||
gnas chung | Nechung | Buddha | |||
gnas brtan bcu drug | Neten Chudruk | Sixteen Arhats | Ritual | ||
gnas brtan bcu drug | Neten Chudruk | Sixteen Arhats | Buddha | ||
gnas brtan phyag mchod | Neten Chakchö | Offering of Homage to the (Sixteen) Arhats | Ritual | ||
gnas brtan bla ri | Neten Lari | the Soul-Mountain of the Arhats | Place | ||
gnas bdag | nedak | site deity | Term | ||
gnas nang | Nenang | Monastery | |||
gnas nang dgon pa | Nenang Gönpa | Nenang Nunnery | Monastery | ||
gnas nang ri khrod | Nenang Ritrö | Nenang Hermitage | Monastery | ||
gnas mo | Nemo | Place | |||
gnas rtsa chen po | né tsa chenpo | a holy site | Term | ||
gnas ri | neri | mountain-abode | Term | ||
rnam grol lag bcangs | Namdröl Lakchang | Liberation in Our Hands | Tibetan text title | ||
rnam rgyal | Namgyel | Monastery | |||
rnam sras | Namsé | Vaiśravana | Buddha | ||
rnam sras bang mdzod | Namsé Bangdzö | Treasure-House of Vaiśravaṇa | Room | ||
rnal ’byor ma’i bdag ’jug | Neljormé Danjuk | Self-Initiation Ritual of Vajrayoginī | Ritual | ||
Pa | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
padma ’byung gnas | Pema Jungné | Padmasambhava | 8th century | Person | |
paṇ chen sku phreng gsum pa | Penchen Kutreng Sumpa | the Third Penchen Lama | Person | ||
paṇ chen bde legs nyi ma | Penchen Delek Nyima | 16th century | Person | ||
paṇ chen bla ma | Penchen Lama | Person | |||
paṇ chen blo bzang ye shes | Penchen Lozang Yeshé | 1663-1737 | Person | ||
po ta la | Potala | Building | |||
po to ba rin chen gsal | Potowa Rinchen Sel | 1027/31-1105 | Person | ||
dpa’ grong shag pa | Padrong Shakpa | Clan | |||
dpal ldan lha mo | Pelden Lhamo | Buddha | |||
dpal ’byor rab rgyas | Peljor Rapgyé | 1604-1669 | Person | ||
dpal lha mo | Pel Lhamo | Buddha | |||
dpe cha ba | pechawa | textualist | Term | ||
dpe mtshams | petsam | textual retreat | Term | ||
dpyid kyi rgyal mo’i klu dbyangs | Chikyi Gyelmo Luyang | The Nāga Song of the Queen of Springtime | Tibetan text title | ||
spang lung | Panglung | Monastery | |||
spang lung ri khrod | Panglung Ritrö | Panglung Hermitage | Monastery | ||
spangs lung sku phreng dang po blo bzang thugs rje | Panglung Kutreng Dangpo Lozang Tukjé | the first Panglung incarnation Lozang Tukjé | 1770-ca. 1835 | Person | |
spo ’bo ra spyi khang | Bombora Chikhang | Building | |||
spyi mi | chimi | representative | Term | ||
sprul sku | trülku | incarnation | Term | ||
Pha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
pha dam pa | Pa Dampa | b. 11th century | Person | ||
pha dam pa sangs rgyas | Pa Dampa Sanggyé | b. 11th century | Person | ||
pha bong | Pabong | The Boulder | Building | ||
pha bong kha | Pabongkha | Monastery | |||
pha bong kha | Pabongkha | The Boulder House | Building | ||
pha bong kha rgya mtsho mtha’ yas | Pabongkha Gyatso Tayé | b. 18th century | Person | ||
pha bong kha bde chen snying po | Pabongkha Dechen Nyingpo | 1878-1941 | Person | ||
pha bong kha pa | Pabongkhapa | 1878-1941 | Person | ||
pha bong kha sprul sku | Pabongkha Trülku | Pabongkha incarnation | Person | ||
pha bong kha bla brang | Pabongkha Labrang | Pabongkha Lama’s estate | Organization | ||
pha bong kha ri khrod | Pabongkha Ritrö | Pabongkha Hermitage | Monastery | ||
pha bong kha rin po che | Pabongkha Rinpoché | 1878-1941 | Person | ||
pha bong kha’i dkar chag | Pabongkhé Karchak | A Catalogue of Pabongkha | Tibetan text title | ||
phag mo gru pa | Pakmo Drupa | Organization | |||
phun tshogs ’phrin las | Püntsok Trinlé | 20th century | Person | ||
phun tshogs rab rgyas | Püntsok Rapgyé | 20th century | Person | ||
phur lcog | Purchok | Monastery | |||
phur lcog sku phreng gnyis pa blo bzang byams pa | Purchok Kutreng Nyipa Lozang Jampa | the second Purchok incarnation Lozang Jampa | 1763-1823 | Person | |
phur lcog sku phreng dang po ngag dbang byams pa | Purchok Kutreng Dangpo Ngawang Jampa | the first Purchok incarnation Ngawang Jampa | 1682-1762 | Person | |
phur lcog sku phreng gsum pa blo bzang tshul khrims byams pa rgya mtsho | Purchok Kutreng Sumpa Lozang Tsültrim Jampa Gyatso | the third Purchok incarnation Lozang Tsültrim Jampa Gyatso | 1825-1901 | Person | |
phur lcog sku phreng gsum pa yongs ’dzin byams pa rgya mtsho | Purchok Kutreng Sumpa Yongdzin Jampa Gyatso | the third Purchok incarnation Yongdzin Jampa Gyatso | Person | ||
phur lcog ngag dbang byams pa | Purchok Ngawang Jampa | 1682-1762 | Person | ||
phur lcog bla brang | Purchok Labrang | Purchok Lama’s estate | Organization | ||
phur lcog bla ma | Purchok lama | Person | |||
phur lcog blo bzang tshul khrims byams pa rgya mtsho | Purchok Lozang Tsültrim Jampa Gyatso | 1825-1901 | Person | ||
phur lcog ri | Purchok Ri | Purchok Mountain | Place | ||
phur lcog ri khrod | Purchok Ritrö | Purchok Hermitage | Monastery | ||
phur lcog rigs gsum byang chub gling gi byung ba mdo tsam brjod pa | Purchok Riksum Jangchup Linggi Jungwa Dotsam Jöpa | A Brief Explanation of the History of Purchok Riksum Jangchup Ling | Tibetan text title | ||
phur lcog rigs gsum byang chub gling gi byung ba mdo tsam brjod pa dad gsum ’dren pa’i lcags kyu | Purchok Riksum Jangchup Linggi Jungwa Dotsam Jöpa Desum Drenpé Chakkyu | A Brief History of Purchok Riksum Jangchup Ling: A Hook to Draw in the Three Types of Faith | Tibetan text title | ||
phur lcog rin po che | Purchok Rinpoché | Person | |||
phur bu lcog | Purbuchok | Monastery | |||
phur bu lcog ri khrod | PurbuchokRitrö | Monastery | |||
phur byung | Purjung | A Brief History of Purchok | Tibetan text title | ||
pho brang ngos | podrang ngö | the actual palace | Term | ||
pho lha nas | Polhané | 1689-1747 | Person | ||
phyag mdzod | chandzö | administrative head | Term | ||
phyi dar | chidar | later propagation period | Term | ||
phrin las rgya mtsho | Trinlé Gyatso | d. 1667 | Person | ||
’phags pa | Pakpa | 1235-1280 | Person | ||
’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i mdo | Pakpa Sherapkyi Paröltu Chinpa Gyetongpé Do | Eight Thousand-Line Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra | Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra | Tibetan text title | |
’phan po | Penpo | Place | |||
’pho ba | powa | transition of consciousness | Term | ||
Ba | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
bar skor | Barkor | Place | |||
sangs rgyas | sanggyé | Buddha | Buddhist deity | ||
bai ḍūrya ser po | Baidurya Serpo | Yellow Lapis | Tibetan text title | ||
bod ljongs nang bstan | Böjong Nangten | Tibetan Buddhism | Tibetan journal title | ||
bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang | Böjong Mimang Petrünkhang | Publisher | |||
byang | Jang | Northern Tibet | Place | ||
byang chub chos ’phel | Jangchup Chöpel | 1756-1838 | Person | ||
byang chos ’khor gling | Jang Chökhor Ling | Monastery | |||
byams khang | Jamkhang | Maitreya Chapel | Room | ||
byams chen chos rje | Jamchen Chöjé | 1354-1435 | Person | ||
byams pa | Jampa | Maitreya | Buddha | ||
byams pa gling | Jampa Ling | Monastery | |||
byams pa bstan ’dzin ’phrin las rgya mtsho | Jampa Tendzin Trinlé Gyatso | 1878-1941 | Person | ||
byams pa thub bstan rin po che | Jampa Tupten Rinpoché | 20th century | Person | ||
byin can | jinchen | blessed | Term | ||
byin rlabs | jinlap | blessing | Term | ||
byes | Jé | Monastery | |||
byes mkhan po rgyal mtshan don grub | Jé Khenpo Gyeltsen Döndrup | 17th century | Person | ||
byes sgom sde khang tshan | Jé Gomdé Khangtsen | Jé Gomdé Regional House | Monastery subunit | ||
byes ’du khang | Jé Dukhang | Jé College Assembly Hall | Building | ||
byes har gdong khang tshan | Jé Hamdong Khangtsen | Hamdong Regional House of the Jé College | Monastery subunit | ||
brag mchod sa | Drak Chösa | Offering Place Cave | Place | ||
brag ri | Drakri | Monastery | |||
brag ri | drakri | crag | Term | ||
brag ri sku phreng gnyis pa rgya mtsho chos ’byor | Drakri Kutreng Nyipa Gyatso Chönjor | the second Drakri incarnation Gyatso Chönjor | b. 19th century | Person | |
brag ri rgya mtsho mtha’ yas | Drakri Gyatso Tayé | Person | |||
brag ri sprul sku | Drakri Trülku | Drakri incarnation | Person | ||
brag ri sprul sku blo bzang theg mchog dbang po | Drakri Trülku Lozang Tekchok Wangpo | the Drakri incarnation Lozang Tekchok Wangpo | Person | ||
brag ri bla brang | Drakri Labrang | Drakri Lama’s estate | Organization | ||
brag ri bla ma | Drakri lama | Person | |||
brag ri ri khrod | Drakri Ritrö | Drakri Hermitage | Monastery | ||
brag ri rin po che | Drakri Rinpoché | Person | |||
bla brang | labrang | lama’s estate | Term | ||
bla ma | lama | Term | |||
bla ma mchod pa tshog | Lama Chöpa Tsok | Offering-Ritual to the Lama | Ritual | ||
bla ma zhang | Lama Zhang | 1123-1193 | Person | ||
bla ri | lari | soul mountain | Term | ||
blo bzang sgom chung | Lozang Gomchung | Lozang the Little Meditator | Person | ||
blo bzang ye shes bstan ’dzin rgya mtsho | Lozang Yeshé Tendzin Gyatso | 1901-1981 | Person | ||
dbang ’dus ’khor lo | Wangdü Khorlo | Cycle for Gathering Power | Tibetan text title | ||
dbang phyug chen po | Wangchuk Chenpo | Maheśvara | Buddha | ||
dbu gdugs ri | Udukri | Mount Parasol | Place | ||
dbu mdzad | umdzé | chant leader | Term | ||
dben gnas | ené | solitary site | Term | ||
dben sa | ensa | solitary place | Term | ||
dben sa pa | ensapa | recluse | Term | ||
dben sa pa | Ensapa | Ensapa | 1504/5-1565/6 | Person | |
dben sa pa blo bzang don grub | Ensapa Lozang Döndrup | 1504/5-1565/6 | Person | ||
dbyar gnas | yarné | rainy-season retreat | Term | ||
’bras spungs | Drepung | Monastery | |||
’brog pa | drokpa | nomad | Term | ||
sba ri | Bari | ||||
sba ri bla brang | Bari Labrang | Bari Lama’s estate | Organization | ||
sba ri bla ma | Bari lama | Person | |||
sba ri ri khrod | Bari Ritrö | Bari Hermitage | Monastery | ||
sba ri rin po che | Bari Rinpoché | Person | |||
sbyin bdag | jindak | patron | Term | ||
Ma | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
ma cig lab sgron | Machik Lapdrön | 12th century | Person | ||
ma ṇi bka’ ’bum | Mani Kabum | The Compendium on the Maṇi [Mantra] | Tibetan text title | ||
ma ṇi ’khor lo | mani khorlo | mani wheel | Term | ||
ma ṇi lha khang | mani lhakhang | mani [wheel] temple | Term | ||
maṇḍala | mendel | maṇḍala | Term | ||
mi chos gtsang ma bcu drug | michö tsangma chudruk | sixteen rules of purity for the populace | Term | ||
mi dbang byams pa | Miwang Jampa | Maitreya as Lord of Men | Buddha | ||
mi g.yo ba | Miyowa | Acala | Buddha | ||
mi la’i brag | Milé Drak | Cave of Mila | Cave | ||
mi ser | miser | serf | Term | ||
me tog char babs | metog charbap | rained flowers | Term | ||
me mo phag | memopak | female-fire-pig (year) | Date | ||
mes dbon | Mewön | Person | |||
mo barha nyag | Mo Barha Nyak | Place | |||
dmar gdung | mardung | mummified corpse | Term | ||
rmog tho ’go | Moktogo | Place | |||
smad | Mé | Monastery | |||
smad ’du khang | Mé Dukhang | Mé College Assembly Hall | Building | ||
smad bla zur blo bzang don grub | Mé Lazur Lozang Döndrup | Person | |||
sman bla | Menla | Medicine Buddha | Buddha | ||
sman bla | Menla | Medicine Buddha | Ritual | ||
sman bla bde gshegs brgyad | Menla Deshek Gyé | Ritual of the Eight Medicine Buddhas | Ritual | ||
sman bla bde gshegs brgyad | Menla Deshek Gyé | Eight Medicine Buddhas | Buddha | ||
sman bla yid bzhin dbang rgyal | Menla Yizhin Wanggyel | Medicine Buddha [Ritual]: Yizhin Wanggyel | Ritual | ||
smyung gnas | nyungné | fasting ritual | Ritual | ||
Tsa | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
tsa khang | tsakhang | clay tablet repository | Term | ||
tsa tsa | tsatsa | pressed-clay tablets | Term | ||
tsong kha brgyad bcu | Tsongkha Gyepchu | Eighty Deeds of Tsongkhapa | Series of paintings | ||
tsong kha pa | Tsongkhapa | 1357-1419 | Person | ||
gtsang | Tsang | Place | |||
btsan khang | tsenkhang | tsen chapel | Term | ||
rtsa shes ṭīk chen | Tsashé Tikchen | Great Commentary on the Prajñāmūla | Tibetan text title | ||
rtsa gsum lha khang | Tsasum Lhakhang | “Three Roots” Chapel | Room | ||
rtsam pa | tsampa | Term | |||
Tsha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
tsha khang tshan | Tsa Khangtsen | Tsa Regional House | Monastery subunit | ||
tshal pa bka’ brgyud | Tselpa Kagyü | Organization | |||
tshe mchog gling | Tsechokling | Monastery | |||
tshe dpag med lha dgu | Tsepakmé Lhagu | Nine Deities [related to] Amitāyus | Buddha | ||
tshes bcu phug | Tsechupuk | Cave of the Tenth Day | Room | ||
tshes bcu lha khang | Tsechu Lhakhang | Temple of the Tenth Day | Room | ||
tshogs chen | Tsokchen | Great Assembly Hall | Building | ||
tshogs chen sprul sku | Tsokchen Trülku | incarnation of the Great Assembly Hall | Term | ||
tshogs gtam | tsoktam | public admonition | Term | ||
tshogs bdag lag na ’khor lo | Tsokdak Lakna Khorlo | Cycle on Gaṇeśa | Tibetan text title | ||
tshong pa | tsongpa | merchant | Term | ||
tshoms chen shar | Tsomchen Shar | Eastern Assembly Hall | Building | ||
mtshan zhabs | tsenzhap | assistant tutor | Term | ||
mtshams pa | tsampa | retreatant | Term | ||
mtsho | tso | lake | Term | ||
mtsho sngon po | Tso Ngönpo | Kokonor | Place | ||
mtshon cha’i ’khor lo | tsönché khorlo | wheel of weapons | Term | ||
Dza | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
mdzo | dzo | Term | |||
’dzam gling rgyas bshad | Dzamling Gyeshé | Extensive Explanation of the World | Tibetan text title | ||
Wa | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
wāginḍamatibhadrapaṭu bandashāsadharasagara | Vagindamatibhadrapatu Bandashasadharasagara | Person | |||
Zha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
zhang ’gro ba’i mgon po g.yu brag pa | Zhang Drowé Gönpo Yudrakpa | 1123-1193 | Person | ||
zhabs rjes | zhapjé | footprint | Term | ||
zhabs brtan | zhapten | ritual | Term | ||
zhi byed | Zhijé | Pacification | Organization | ||
zhing pa | zhingpa | farmer | Term | ||
gzhi bdag | zhidak | site-spirit | Term | ||
gzhung dgon | zhunggön | state monastery | Term | ||
gzhung sgo | zhunggo | main door | Term | ||
gzhung pa khang tshan | Zhungpa Khangtsen | Zhungpa Regional House | Monastery subunit | ||
Za | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
zangs dkar | Zangkar | Zangskar | Place | ||
zangs mdog dpal ri | Zangdok Pelri | Glorious Copper-Colored Mountain | Place | ||
zangs ri | Zangri | Place | |||
zangs ri mkhar dmar | Zangri Karmar | Monastery | |||
gzim khang | zimkhang | residence | Term | ||
gzims khang gong ma | Zimkhang Gongma | Upper Residence | Building | ||
gzungs ’bul | zungbül | to offer zung [inside of statues] | Term | ||
bzod pa rgya mtsho | Zöpa Gyatso | 1672-1749 | Person | ||
’A | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
’od zer phung po che | Özer Pungpoché | Great Heap of Light | Place | ||
’ol khar | Ölkhar | Ölkhar | Place | ||
Ya | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
yang gam | yanggam | wealth-box | Term | ||
yi dam | yidam | tutelary deities | Term | ||
yig cha | yikcha | (a monastery’s) ritual texts | Term | ||
yul nyer bzhi’i ya rgyal/ de bi ko ṭi dang ming gzhan pha bong kha byang chub shing gi nags khrod du bkod pa’i dkar chag dad ldan padmo rgyas byed gzi sbyin ’od stong ’bar ba’i nor bu | Yül Nyerzhi Yagyel/ Debi Koti dang Mingzhen Pabongkha Jangchup Shinggi Naktrödu Kopé Karchak Deden Pemo Gyejé Zijin Ötong Barwé Norbu | An Inventory of [the Institution that,] from among the Four Sites, is Debikoṭi, a.k.a. Pabongkha, Forest of Bodhi Trees: A Jewel Radiating a Thousand Rays, the Resplendent Ripener of the Lotus of the Faithful | Tibetan text title | ||
ye shes rgyal mtshan | Yeshé Gyeltsen | 1713-1793 | Person | ||
yongs ’dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan | Yongdzin Yeshé Gyeltsen | 1713-1793 | Person | ||
Ra | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
ra kha brag | Rakhadrak | Monastery | |||
ra kha brag ri khrod | Rakhadrak Ritrö | Rakhadrak Hermitage | Monastery | ||
ra kha brag a zhu bsod nams | Rakhadrak Azhu Sönam | b. 17th century | Person | ||
ra mo che | Ramoché | Great Female Goat [Temple] | Building | ||
ra sa | Rasa | Place | |||
rang byon | rangjön | self-arisen image | Term | ||
rab byung | rapjung | calendrical cycle | Term | ||
rab gsal | rapsel | sun room | Term | ||
ri | ri | the mountain | Term | ||
ri khrod | ritrö | hermitage | Term | ||
ri khrod pa | ritröpa | hermit | Term | ||
ri ’khor | rikhor | mountain circumambulation | |||
ri ’go sgo ma | Rigo Goma | Place | |||
ri chen gsum | Richen Sum | Three Great Mountains | Place | ||
rigs pa’i rgya mstho | Rikpé Gyatso | Ocean of Reasoning | Tibetan text title | ||
rigs ’dzin chos kyi rdo rje | Rikdzin Chökyi Dorjé | b. 1790? | Person | ||
rigs gsum mgon po | Riksum Gönpo | Three Protectors | Buddha | ||
rigs gsum mgon po lha khang | Riksum Gönpo Lhakhang | Temple of the Three Protectors | Building | ||
rin po che | rinpoché | Term | |||
rus sbal pho | rübelpo | male turtle | Place | ||
rus sbal mo | rübelmo | female turtle | Place | ||
rwa sgreng | Radreng | d. 1947 | Person | ||
rwa sgreng sku sgreng lnga pa | Radreng Kutreng Ngapa | the fifth Radreng incarnation | d. 1947 | Person | |
rwa sgreng rin po che | Radreng Rinpoché | d. 1947 | Person | ||
La | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
lam rim | lamrim | graded stages of the path | Term | ||
lam rim ’jam dpal zhal lung | Lamrim Jampel Zhellung | The Revelations of Mañjuśrī: A Lamrim | Tibetan text title | ||
lam rim bde lam | Lamrim Delam | The Easy Path: A Lamrim | Tibetan text title | ||
las rung | lerung | enabling retreat | Term | ||
li thang | Litang | Place | |||
lo gsar | Losar | New Year | Festival | ||
Sha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
shug pa’i nags bla ri | Shukpé Nak Lari | The Soul-Mountain of Juniper Forests | Place | ||
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i mdo | Sherapkyi Paröltu Chinpé Do | Perfection of Wisdom Sūtras | Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra | Tibetan text title | |
gshin rje’i rang thag | Shinjé Rangtak | the Mill of the Shinjé | Term | ||
bshes gnyen tshul khrims | Shenyen Tsültrim | 20th century | Person | ||
Sa | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
sa skya | Sakya | Organization | |||
sa skya pa | Sakyapa | Organization | |||
sa skya pa bsod nams rgyal mtshan | Sakyapa Sönam Gyeltsen | Person | |||
sa brtag | satak | site investigation | Term | ||
sa bdag | sadak | geo-spirits | Term | ||
sa dpyad | saché | site investigations | Term | ||
sa pho bya | sapoja | male-earth-bird (year) | Date | ||
sa sbyang | sajang | purity of the site | Term | ||
sangs rgyas rgya mtsho | Sanggyé Gyatso | 1653-1705 | Person | ||
sad mi mi bdun | semi midün | the first seven Tibetan monks | Term | ||
sin dhu ra | sindura | sindhura | Term | ||
se ra | Sera | Monastery | |||
se ra byes grwa tshang | Sera Dratsang Jé | Sera Jé College | Monastery | ||
se ra sngags pa grwa tshang | Sera Ngakpa Dratsang | Sera Tantric College | Monastery | ||
se ra chos sdings | Sera Chöding | Monastery | |||
se ra chos sdings ri khrod | Sera Chöding Ritrö | Sera Chöding Hermitage | Monastery | ||
se ra theg chen khang gsar | Sera Tekchen Khangsar | Building | |||
se ra theg chen gling | Sera Tekchen Ling | Sera Mahāýāna Monastery | Monastery | ||
se ra pa ’jam dbyangs grags pa | Serapa Jamyang Drakpa | b. 17th century | Person | ||
se ra spyi so | Sera chiso | Sera as a whole | Monastery | ||
se ra phur pa | Sera purpa | Sera dagger | Term | ||
se ra byes | Sera Jé | Sera Jé (College) | Monastery | ||
se ra dbu rtse | Sera Utsé | Monastery | |||
se ra dbu rtse | Sera utsé | Sera peak | Term | ||
se ra dbu rtse ri khrod | Sera Utsé Ritrö | Sera Utsé Hermitage | Monastery | ||
se ra smad | Sera Mé | Sera Mé (College) | Monastery | ||
se ra rtse | Sera tsé | Sera peak | Term | ||
se ra tshogs chen | Sera Tsokchen | Sera Great Assembly Hall | Building | ||
se ra’i ri khrod | Seré ritrö | hermitage of Sera | Term | ||
se ra’i ri ’khor | Seré Rikhor | Sera Mountain Circumambulation Circuit | Pilgrimage cycle | ||
seng gdong ma | Sengdongma | Lion-Headed Ḍākinī | Buddha | ||
ser smad thos bsam nor gling grwa tshang gi chos ’byung lo rgyus nor bu’i phreng ba | Sermé Tösam Norling Dratsanggi Chöjung Logyü Norbü Trengwa | A History of the Sermé Tösam Norling College: A Garland of Jewels | Tibetan text title | ||
ser smad lo rgyus | Sermé Logyü | A History of Sermé | Tibetan text title | ||
srung ma | sungma | protector deity | Term | ||
srog snying | soknying | life-essence | Term | ||
srong btsan sgam po | Songtsen Gampo | 604-650 | Person | ||
slob dpon | loppön | senior teacher | Term | ||
gsag sbyang | sakjang | accumulation and purification | Term | ||
gsang ba ’dus pa | Sangwa Düpa | Guhyasamāja | Buddha | ||
gsar | sar | new | Term | ||
gsung byon ma | sungjönma | speaking-statue | Term | ||
gser ma hā | Ser Maha | Buddha | |||
gser yig pa | seryikpa | bearer of the golden letter | Term | ||
gso sbyong | Sojong | monastic confession ritual | Ritual | ||
bsangs gsol dar ’dzugs | sangsöl dardzuk | (to) make burnt juniper offerings and raise flags | Term | ||
Ha | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
ha ha rgod pa’i dur khrod | Haha Göpé Durtrö | Place | |||
har gdong khang tshan | Hamdong Khangtsen | Hamdong Regional House | Monastery subunit | ||
hwa shang | Hashang | Person | |||
lha mo | Lhamo | Buddha | |||
lha mo khar | Lhamokhar | Place | |||
lha mo nyi ma gzhon nu | Lhamo Nyima Zhönnu | Buddha | |||
lha mo nyi gzhon | Lhamo Nyizhön | Buddha | |||
lha btsun rin po che | Lhaptsün Rinpoché | Person | |||
lha btsun rin po che’i bla brang | Lhaptsün Rinpoché Labrang | Lhaptsün Rinpoché’s estate | Organization | ||
lha btsun rin po che’i bla brang | Lhaptsün Rinpoché Labrang | estate of Lhaptsün Rinpoché | Organization | ||
lha bzang | Lhazang | d. 1717 | Person | ||
lha bzang khāng | Lhazang Khang | Lhazang Khan | d. 1717 | Person | |
lha lung dpal gyi rdo rje | Lhalung Pelgyi Dorjé | 9th century | Person | ||
lha sa | Lhasa | Place | |||
lha sa’i dgon tho | Lhasé Gönto | A Catalogue of the Monasteries of Lhasa | Tibetan text title | ||
lha sa’i dgon tho rin chen spungs rgyan | Lhasé Gönto Rinchen Punggyen | A Catalogue of the Monasteries of Lhasa: A Heap of Jewels | Tibetan text title | ||
lho pa khang tshan | Lhopa Khangtsen | Lhopa Regional House | Monastery subunit | ||
a kha bsod nams bzang po | Akha Sönam Zangpo | b. 17th century | Person | ||
A | |||||
Extended Wylie | Phonetics | English | Sanskrit | Date | Type |
a khu rin po che | Akhu Rinpoché | 1803-1875 | Person | ||
a mdo rdo rje sku ’bum | Amdo Dorjé Kumbum | Place | |||
a ma | ama | mother | Term | ||
oṃ maṇi padme hūṃ | om mani peme hum | oṃ maṇi padme hūṃ | Mantra |