Keutsang Hermitage (Keutsang Ritrö) Keutsang Hermitage (Keutsang Ritrö) by José Ignacio Cabezón April 27, 2006 Copyright © 2006 by José Ignacio Cabezón and THL. Sera Monastery subjects 6243 For more information about this term, see Full Entry below.Subjects CollectionsTibetan and Himalayan CollectionsFull EntryRelated Subjects (3)Related Audio-video (59)Related Texts (17) Sera Hermitages (2004) subjects 4176 For more information about this term, see Full Entry below.Subjects CollectionsCentral Tibet CollectionsFull EntryRelated Subjects (1)Related Images (1460)Related Texts (17) Sera Monastery places 433 For more information about this term, see Full Entry below.Feature Type Large MonasteryFull EntryRelated Subjects (4)Related Places (1)Related Images (3878)Related Audio-video (60)Related Texts (27) ཀེའུ་ཚང་རི་ཁྲོད terms 223171 Wylieke'u tshang ri khrodExpressionFor more information about this term, see Full Entry below.Terms kakul kar/Full EntryRelated Images (50)Related Texts (1)རི་ཁྲོད terms 188873 Wylieri khrod/ExpressionFor more information about this term, see Full Entry below.Terms rari skyes ar nagFull EntryRelated Images (29)Related Texts (18) Location and Layout A view of the Keutsang Hermitage (Keutsang Ritrö) The word keutsang means “cave,” “cavern,” or “overhang.”1 Tsongkhapa (1357-1419) lived for a time in a very precariously situated cave over a steep gorge to the east of the original Keutsang Hermitage, and it is possible that the hermitage derives its name from this cave. While Tsongkhapa was living there, there was a serious earthquake, and he exclaimed “ama”!2 The letters “a” and “ma” then imprinted themselves onto a rock next to the cave, and these, we were told, can be seen to this day. The cave itself fell in a landslide, and no longer exists. The present Keutsang Hermitage is the rebuilt version of Keutsang West (Keutsang Nup), which today lies in ruins. The rebuilt Keutsang abuts the ruins of Keutsang West on the former’s eastern side. Rather than rebuilding on the ruins of the old hermitage, the monks chose to start from scratch and to relocate the hermitage just to the west of Keutsang West, which they say was a site more suitable to building. Keutsang is located to the east of Sera on the side of a mountain above Lhasa’s principal cemetery. Keutsang is also located just below (about a five-minute walk from) Rakhadrak Hermitage (Rakhadrak Ritrö). It takes about fifty minutes to walk from Sera to Keutsang. The hermitage is the second-to-last stop on the Sera Mountain Circumambulation Circuit (Seré Rikhor) route that pilgrims navigate as part of the Sixth-Month Fourth-Day (Drukpa Tsezhi) festivities. (To see images of the pilgrimage taken in 2002, please click here.) The hermitage is enclosed by a perimeter wall with two gates, one to the west and one to the east. Outside the western gate there is a tiny chapel that houses a self-arisen rock-image of the deity Acala (Miyowa) that was originally on a boulder in the area that is presently the “Dharma courtyard” (chöra). It was moved from the Dharma courtyard to its present spot because the head of the hermitage believed that at its former site it was too close to an area where the monks urinated. At the center of the compound is the (two-story) main temple. The first floor contains the monastery’s principal assembly hall (dukhang). The second story contains a reception and meeting room. Just to the east of the temple is the monastery kitchen. The monks for the most part eat communally, and all of the meals are prepared here. Flanking the temple-kitchen complex on both sides are two wings of monks’ living quarters. Just to the west of the western wing of monks’ rooms, adjacent to the western gate, is a new guest house that was just being completed in 2004. The monks of Keutsang in a prayer-assembly inside the main temple. They wear the yellow ceremonial robe (chögö). Behind the main temple is the large, three-story “ secondary temple building.” The first floor of this building contains little more than the stairway to the second floor and some storage rooms. The second story contains, on one side, a Scripture Temple (Kangyur lhakhang) that houses the collection of scriptures. This room also contains a small protector deity altar. The main figure in the middle of the alter is Penden Lhamo; she is flanked on one side by Dorjé Yudrönma, the “site deity” (nedak) of this location, and on the other by Nyangdren Gyelchen. These three are the chief protector deities of the hermitage. On this same level but at the other end of the building there is a Tengyur chapel (Tengyur lhakhang) that houses the collection of the translated Indian treatises. The third floor contains the private quarters of the Dalai Lama, the rooms of the Keutsang Lama and the Maitreya Chapel (Jamkhang), whose main image is a famous two-story Maitreya (Jampa) that overlooks the cemetery below the hermitage. Like the stone Buddha image at Pabongkha Hermitage (Pabongkha Ritrö), this Maitreya (Jampa) is said to guarantee rebirth in a pure land to any individual whose remains are brought to the cemetery beneath Keutsang. According to another tradition, this Maitreya statue and the one in the Maitreya Chapel in the northern end of the Barkor in Lhasa are said to constantly exchange rays of light with one another. The two-story Maitreya image on the top floor of the secondary temple building at Keutsang. Finally, to the east of the secondary temple building (in the northeastern corner of the hermitage) there is a large “Dharma enclosure” or chöra that in 2004 was just being completed. Since Keutsang is a ritual monastery, the younger monks principally use the Dharma enclosure as a place to sit and memorize ritual texts when their rooms become cramped and they want some fresh air. All of the images in Keutsang’s various temples and chapels are new. History A statue of one of the early Keutsang Lamas in the Maitreya Chapel. Centuries before Gelukpas began to use the site as a place for meditation retreat, Keutsang was renowned as a retreat site used by famous lamas of the past. For example, it is said that a cave at Keutsang West was a retreat site of the famous twelfth-century founder of the Tselpa Kargyü school, Lama Zhang (1123-1193).3 As has been mentioned, Tsongkhapa also lived at one of the caves here for a period of time. Keutsang West Hermitage (Keutsang Nup Ritrö) was formally established as a Geluk institution by the first Keutsang incarnation Jampa Mönlam (Keutsang Kutreng Dangpo Jampa Mönlam), the seventeenth abbot of the Jé College (Dratsang Jé) of Sera. He retired from the abbacy early to enter into retreat. Taking up residence in one of the caves at Keutsang, he eventually built a retreat hut. Students began to come to him for instruction, and by the time of his death a small institution had coalesced around him at the site. His reincarnation, the second Keutsang incarnation Lozang Jamyang Mönlam (Keutsang Kutreng Nyipa Lozang Jamyang Mönlam), was born into the wealthy Doring aristocratic family of Lhasa.4 Given the wealth of this family, one might hazard to guess that it was during the time of the second Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Kutreng Nyipa) that some of the more important buildings at the site were constructed, but only further research will bear this out. We know little about the third Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Trülku), but the fourth was one of the Thirteenth Dalai Lama Tupten Gyatso’s (Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuksumpa Tupten Gyatso) closest associates. After the Dalai Lama’s death, the fourth Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Trülku) was one of the principal figures responsible for identifying the present (fourteenth) Dalai Lama. One assumes that because of this the hermitage grew greatly in fame, prestige, and wealth during the time of the fourth Keutsang incarnation. The present and the fifth Keutsang incarnation (Keutsang Kutreng Ngapa) was jailed and suffered greatly during the Cultural Revolution. He left Tibet and went into exile in India in the 1980s. The hermitage had a strong relationship to Sera throughout its entire history. Every official monk of the hermitage was also, de facto, a monk of the Hamdong Regional House (Hamdong Khangtsen) of the Jé College. This is no longer the case, however, since today the hermitage is an independent institution (albeit one that has amicable ties to Sera Jé College [Sera Dratsang Jé]). While on the subject of institutional affiliations, it should also be mentioned that from the early nineteenth century up to 1959 Keutsang was the official owner of the famous Drapchi Temple (Drapchi Lhakhang) located in the northern part of Lhasa. The Keutsang Lama kept rooms atop the Drapchi Temple for his personal use. The original Keutsang West Hermitage was destroyed after the events of 1959. Using principally his own funds (and with a great deal of volunteer labor from the local community), a former monk of the hermitage began the work of reconstruction in 1991. By 1992, both the main temple and the secondary temple had been completed and one year later the monks’ quarters were finished. Today the hermitage is home to about twenty-five monks. Some of the monks gather outside the main temple for a group picture. As is the case with all of the Sera hermitages that have survived, Keutsang today is a ritual monastery. The hermitage always celebrates the new and full moon, as well as the tenth and twenty-fifth of the lunar month. Groups of monks will also go to the homes of local villagers to do rituals when requested. This is an essential source of income for the hermitage. In addition to the regular monthly ritual cycles, the hermitage also, of course, engage in regular annual ritual cycles: for example, during the Tibetan New Year, and in the fourth Tibetan month, when the monks do eight sets of two-day Avalokiteśvara fasting rituals (nyungné). The monks also observe the rainy season precepts in the summer. In the eighth Tibetan month all of the junior monks must submit to a memorization exam on the ritual texts they have learned throughout the year. At this time, a senior scholar from Sera is invited to the hermitage to conduct the examinations. Glossary Note: The glossary is organized into sections according to the main language of each entry. The first section contains Tibetan words organized in Tibetan alphabetical order. To jump to the entries that begin with a particular Tibetan root letter, click on that letter below. Columns of information for all entries are listed in this order: THL Extended Wylie transliteration of the term, THL Phonetic rendering of the term, the English translation, the Sanskrit equivalent, associated dates, and the type of term. To view the glossary sorted by any one of these rubrics, click on the corresponding label (such as “Phonetics”) at the top of its column.Ka | Kha | Ga | Nga | Ca | Cha | Ja | Nya | Ta | Tha | Da | Na | Pa | Pha | Ba | Ma | Tsa | Tsha | Dza | Wa | Zha | Za | ’A | Ya | Ra | La | Sha | Sa | Ha | AKaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypeka thung katungshort pillar Term ka ring karinglong pillar Term kang shi KangshiKangxi 1654-1722 Person kun rig rnam par snang mdzad Künrik Nampar NangdzéSarvavid Vairocana Buddha ke’u tshang Keutsang Monastery ke’u tshang keutsangcave, cavern, or overhang Term ke’u tshang sku phreng lnga pa Keutsang Kutreng Ngapathe fifth Keutsang incarnation Person ke’u tshang sku phreng gnyis pa Keutsang Kutreng Nyipathe second Keutsang incarnation b. 1791 Person ke’u tshang sku phreng gnyis pa blo bzang ’jam dbyangs smon lam Keutsang Kutreng Nyipa Lozang Jamyang Mönlamthe second Keutsang incarnation Lozang Jamyang Mönlam b. 1791 Person ke’u tshang sku phreng dang po byams pa smon lam Keutsang Kutreng Dangpo Jampa Mönlamthe first Keutsang incarnation Jampa Mönlam d. 1790 Person ke’u tshang ’jam dbyangs blo gsal Keutsang Jamyang Losel Person ke’u tshang nub Keutsang NupKeutsang West Monastery ke’u tshang nub ri khrod Keutsang Nup RitröKeutsang West Hermitage Monastery ke’u tshang sprul sku Keutsang TrülkuKeutsang incarnation Person ke’u tshang bla brang Keutsang LabrangKeutsang Lama’s estate Monastery ke’u tshang bla ma Keutsang Lama Person ke’u tshang ri khrod Keutsang RitröKeutsang Hermitage Monastery ke’u tshang shar Keutsang SharKeutsang East Monastery ke’u tshang shar ri khrod Keutsang Shar RitröKeutsang East Hermitage Monastery kong po jo rdzong Kongpo Jodzong Place krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang Trunggö Börikpa Petrünkhang Publisher klong rdol bla ma ngag dbang blo bzang Longdöl Lama Ngawang Lozang 1719-1794 Person dkar chag karchakinventory Term dkar chag karchakcatalogue Term bka’ ’gyur KangyurScriptures Tibetan text collection bka’ ’gyur lha khang Kangyur lhakhangScripture Temple Building bka’ brgyud Kargyü Organization bka’ gdams pa Kadampa Organization bka’ gdams lha khang Kadam LhakhangKadam Chapel Room bka’ babs bu chen brgyad kabap buchen gyéeight great close disciples Term bka’ babs ming can brgyad Kabap Mingchen Gyéthe “eight great ones who were named to receive the oral instructions” bkra shis chos gling Trashi Chöling Monastery bkra shis chos gling ri khrod Trashi Chöling RitröTrashi Chöling Hermitage Monastery bkra shis gser nya trashi sernyatwo auspicious golden fish Term bkra shis lhun po Trashi Lhünpo Monastery sku mkhar kukharcastle Term sku mkhar ma ru Kukhar MaruMaru Castle Building sku bzhi khang Kuzhi KhangChapel of the Four Statues Room sku rim grwa tshang kurim dratsangritual college Term bskang gso kangsopropitiation ritual Ritual bskal bzang rgya mtsho Kelzang Gyatso 1708-1757 Person KhaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypekhang tshan khangtsenregional house Term khams Kham Place khal khela unit of weight/volume equal to about 25-30 lbs. Term khri byang sku phreng gsum pa blo bzang ye shes Trijang Kutreng Sumpa Lozang Yeshéthe third Trijang incarnation Lozang Yeshé 1901-1981 Person khri byang rin po che Trijang Rinpoché 1901-1981 Person khrod tröin the midst of Term khrod tröon the side of Term mkhan ngag dbang bstan ’dzin Khen Ngawang Tendzin Person mkha’ spyod dbyings Khachö Ying Room mkhar rdo Khardo Monastery mkhar rdo sku phreng lnga pa jam dbyangs chos kyi dbang phyug Khardo Kutreng Ngapa Jamyang Chökyi Wangchukthe fifth Khardo incarnation Jamyang Chökyi Wangchuk 19th-20th centuries Person mkhar rdo sku phreng drug pa ’jam dpal thub bstan nyan grags rgya mtsho Khardo Kutreng Drukpa Jampel Tupten Nyendrak Gyatsothe sixth Khardo incarnation Jampel Tupten Nyendrak Gyatso 1909/12?-1956? Person mkhar rdo sku phreng bdun pa ’jam dpal bstan ’dzin nyan grags rgya mtsho Khardo Kutreng Dünpa Jampel Tendzin Nyendrak Gyatsothe seventh Khardo incarnation Jampel Tendzin Nyendrak Gyatso Person mkhar rdo sku phreng bzhi pa padma dga’ ba’i rdo rje Khardo Kutreng Zhipa Pema Gawé Dorjéthe fourth Khardo incarnation Pema Gawé Dorjé 19th century Person mkhar rdo sku phreng gsum pa chos kyi rdo rje Khardo Kutreng Sumpa Chökyi Dorjéthe third Khardo incarnation Chökyi Dorjé b. 18th century Person mkhar rdo sku phreng gsum pa rigs ’dzin chos kyi rdo rje Khardo Kutreng Sumpa Rikdzin Chökyi Dorjéthe third Khardo incarnation Rikdzin Chökyi Dorjé Person mkhar rdo mthun mchod Khardo Tünchö Festival mkhar rdo ba Khardowa Person mkhar rdo bla brang Khardo LabrangKhardo Lama’s estate Organization mkhar rdo tshoms chen Khardo TsomchenKhardo Assembly Hall Room mkhar rdo ri khrod Khardo RitröKhardo Hermitage Monastery mkhar rdo rin po che Khardo Rinpoché Person mkhar rdo srong btsan Khardo Songtsen Buddha mkhar rdo sgrub sde gsum Khardo Drupdé Sumthe three practice centers of kardo Monastery mkhar rdo ba Khardowa Person mkhar rdo bla ma Khardo Lama Person mkhar rdo bzod pa rgya mtsho Khardo Zöpa Gyatso 1672-1749 Person mkhar rdo gshin rje ’khrul ’khor Khardo Shinjé TrülkhorKhardo (Hermitage’s) Lord of Death Machine Term mkhas grub rje Kedrupjé 1385-1438 Person ’khon ston Khöntön 1561-1637 Person ’khon ston dpal ’byor lhun grub Khöntön Peljor Lhündrup 1561-1637 Person ’khrungs dbu rtse Trung UtséBirth Peak Place ’khrungs ba’i bla ri Trungwé LariBirth Soul Mountain Place ’khrungs ba’i lha ri Trungwé LhariBirth Deity Peak Place GaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypega ru Garu Monastery ga ru Garudance Term ga ru dgon pa Garu GönpaGaru Nunnery Monastery gar gardance Term gar dgon bsam gtan gling Gargön Samten LingDance Gompa: Place of Meditative Equipoise Monastery gar dgon bsam gtan gling gi lo rgyus mun sel mthong ba don ldan Gargön Samten Linggi Logyü Münsel Tongwa DöndenA History of Gargön Samten Ling: Clearing Away Darkness, Meaningful to Behold Tibetan text title gar lo GarloA History of Garu [Nunnery] Tibetan text title gu ru rin po che Guru Rinpoché 8th century Person grub thob lha khang Druptop LhakhangSiddha Chapel Room grog mo chu mig Drokmo ChumikRavine Spring Place grong smad Drongmé Place grwa tshang byes Dratsang JéJé College Monastery grwa tshang smad Dratsang MéMé College Monastery grwa bzhi Drapchi Building grwa bzhi lha khang Drapchi LhakhangDrapchi Temple Building glang dar ma Langdarma d. 842 Person dga’ chos dbyings Gachö Ying Room dga’ ldan Ganden Monastery dga’ ldan khri pa Ganden tripathrone-holder of Ganden Term dga’ ldan lnga mchod Ganden Ngamchöthe Ganden Feast of the 25th Festival dga ldan chos ’nyung bai ḍūrya ser po Ganden Chönyung Baidurya SerpoYellow Lapis: A History of the Ganden [School] Tibetan text title dga’ ldan pho brang Ganden PodrangGanden Palace Organization dga’ spyod dbyings Gachö Ying Room dgun nyi ldog gi cho ga Gün Nyidokgi ChogaWinter Solstice Ritual Ritual dge lugs Geluk Organization dge lugs pa Gelukpa Organization dge bshes geshé Term dge bshes pha bong khar grags pa Geshé Pabongkhar drakpa“Geshé Pabongkha” Person dge bshes brag dkar ba Geshé Drakkarwa 1032-1111 Person dge bshes ye shes dbang phyug Geshé Yeshé Wangchuk b. 20th century Person dge bshes seng ge Geshé Senggé d. 1990s Person dge slong gelongfully-ordained monk Term dgon pa gönpamonastery Term dgon pa gsar Gönpasar Monastery dgon pa gsar gönpa sarnew monastery Term dgon pa gsar sku phreng dang po ngag dbang don grub Gönpasar Kutreng Dangpo Ngawang Döndrupfirst Gönpasar incarnation Ngawang Döndrup 18th century Person dgon pa gsar ri khrod Gönpasar RitröGönpasar Hermitage Monastery mgon dkar GönkarWhite Mahākāla Buddha mgon khang gönkhangprotector deity chapel Term mgon po GönpoMahākāla Buddha mgon po gtor rgyag Gönpo TorgyakThrowing of the Torma to Mahākāla Ritual mgon po phyag drug Gönpo ChakdrukSix-Armed Mahākāla Buddha mgon po a gho Gönpo Agho Buddha ’gyed gepmoney offering to monks Term rgya mtsho mtha’ yas Gyatso Tayé Person rgya res Gyaré Buddha rgya res tshoms chen Gyaré Tsomchen Building rgyal chen karma ’phrin las Gyelchen Karma Trinlé Buddha rgyal ba lnga pa chen po Gyelwa Ngapa Chenpothe Great Fifth Dalai Lama 1617-1682 Person rgyal ba’i rigs lnga bla ri Gyelwé Riknga LariSoul Mountain of the Buddhas of the Five Families Place rgyal mo tshe ring bkra shis Gyelmo Tsering TrashiQueen Tsering Trashi 18th century Person rgyal tshab rje Gyeltsapjé 1364-1432 Person rgyal rabs gsal ba’i me long Gyelrap Selwé MelongThe Clear Mirror: A Royal History Tibetan text title rgyal rong khang tshan Gyelrong KhangtsenGyelrong Regional House Monastery subunit rgyugs gyukexamination Term rgyud stod GyütöUpper Tantric [College] Monastery rgyud smad GyüméLower Tantric [College] Monastery rgyud smad grwa tshang Gyümé DratsangThe Lower Tantric College Monastery rgyun ja gyünjadaily tea or prayer Term sgo gnyer gonyertemple attendant Term sgo srung gosungdoor-keeper Term sgom chen gomchenmeditator Term sgom sde nam kha’ rgyal mtshan Gomdé Namkha Gyeltsen 1532-1592 Person sgom sde pa Gomdepa 1532-1592 Person sgra ’dzin chu mig Dradzin ChumikSound-Catcher (or Ear) Spring Place sgrub khang drupkhangmeditation hut Term sgrub khang dge legs rgya mtsho Drupkhang Gelek Gyatso 1641-1713 Person sgrub khang pa Drupkhangpa 1641-1713 Person sgrub khang sprul sku Drupkhang TrülkuDrupkhang incarnation Person sgrub khang bla brang Drupkhang LabrangDrupkhang Lama’s estate Organization sgrub khang bla ma Drupkhang lama Person sgrub khang ri khrod Drupkhang RitröDrupkhang Hermitage Monastery sgrub grwa drupdrapractice center Term sgrub thabs druptapritual method of realization Term sgrub sde drupdépractice-center Term sgrub phug druppukmeditation cave Term sgrol chog DrölchokTārā Ritual Ritual sgrol ma DrölmaTārā Buddha sgrol ma lha khang Drölma LhakhangTārā Chapel Building brgya gyahundred Term brgyad gyéeight Term NgaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypengag dbang byams pa Ngawang Jampa 1682-1762 Person ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho Ngawang Lozang Gyatso 1617-1682 Person ngag dbang sman rgyal Ngawang Mengyal 20th century Person ngul gyi par khang ngülgyi parkhangmoney printing press Term sngags ngakmantra Term sngags pa ngakpatantric priest Term sngags pa grwa tshang Ngakpa DratsangTantric College Monastery CaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypegcig bu pa chikbuparecluse Term bca’ yig chayikconstitution Term ChaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypechab rdzing gling kha Chapdzing LingkhaPond Park Place chu mo yos chumo yöfemale-water-hare (year) Date chu bzang chupzanggood waters Term chu bzang Chupzang Monastery chu bzang dgon Chupzang GönChupzang Nunnery Monastery chu bzang ye shes rgya mtsho Chupzang Yeshé Gyatso 1789-1856 Person cho ga phyag len choga chaklenritual Term chos kyi rdo rje Chökyi Dorjé b. 18th century? Person chos kyi seng ge Chökyi Senggé Person chos skyong chökyongprotector deity Term chos khang rtse ba dgon pa Chökhang Tsewa GönpaChökhang Tsewa Monastery Monastery chos ’khor dus chen Chönkhor DüchenFestival of the Turning of the Wheel of the Doctrine Festival chos gos chögöyellow ceremonial robe Term chos rgyal ChögyelDharmarāja Buddha chos rgyal khri srong lde’u btsan Chögyel Trisong Detsenthe Buddhist king (of Tibet) Trisong Detsen 742-796 Person chos rgyal srong btsan sgam po Chögyel Songtsen Gampothe Buddhist king (of Tibet) Songtsen Gampo 617-650 Person chos thog chötokritual cycle Term chos sdings Chöding Monastery chos sdings ri khrod Chöding RitröChöding Hermitage Monastery chos me khang chömé khangbutter-lamp offering house Term chos mtshams chötsamdoctrine retreat Term chos gzhis chözhiestate lands Term chos rwa chöraDharma enclosure or Dharma courtyard Term mchod mjal chönjelworship Term mchod rten dkar chung Chöten KarchungLittle White Stūpa Monument ’chi med lha khang Chimé LhakhangChapel of Deathlessness Building JaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypeja bdun dang thug pa gnyis ja dün dang tukpa nyiseven teas and two soups Term jo khang Jokhang Monastery jo ston bsod nams rgyal mtshan Jotön Sönam Gyeltsen 17th century Person jo bo jowothe Lord Term jo bo mi bskyod rdo rje Jowo Mikyö Dorjé Buddha jo mo si si Jomo Sisi Place ’jam dpal bla ri Jampel LariMañjuśrī Peak Place ’jam dpal dbyangs kyi bla ri Jampelyangkyi Larithe Soul-Mountain of Mañjuśrī Place ’jam dbyangs grags pa Jamyang Drakpa Person ’jigs byed kyi me long Jikjekyi MelongMirror of Vajrabhairava Place ’jigs byed lha bcu gsum Jikjé Lha ChuksumThirteen-Deity Vajrabhairava Buddha ’jog po Jokpo Monastery ’jog po ngag dbang bstan ’dzin Jokpo Ngawang Tendzin b. 1748 Person ’jog po bla brang Jokpo LabrangJokpo Lama’s estate Organization ’jog po bla brang Jokpo LabrangJokpo Lama’s residence Organization ’jog po ri khrod Jokpo RitröJokpo Hermitage Monastery ’jog po rin po che Jokpo Rinpoché b. 1748 Person ’jog ri ngag dbang bstan ’dzin Jokri Ngawang Tendzin b. 1748 Person rje btsun nam mkha’ spyod sgrol rdor dbang mo Jetsün Namkhachö Dröldor WangmoJetsün (or Khachö) Dröldor Wangmo Person rje btsun bla ma ngag dbang rnam grol Jetsün Lama Ngawang Namdröl Person rje gzigs pa lnga ldan Jé Zikpa NgadenFive Visions of the Lord (Tsongkhapa) Painting series rje shes rab seng ge Jé Sherap Senggé 1383-1445 Person NyaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypenyang bran Nyangdren Place nyang bran rgyal chen Nyangdren Gyelchen Buddha nyi ’od pho brang Nyiwö PodrangPalace of the Rays of the Sun Room nye ba’i gnas bzhi nyewé né zhiFour Principal Sites Place gnyer pa nyerpamanager Term gnyer tshang nyertsangmanager’s room Term rnying nyingold Term rnying ma Nyingma Organization rnying ma sgrub grwa Nyingma drupdraNyingma practice center Term rnying ma pa Nyingmapa Organization rnying ma bla ma Nyingma lama Term snying khrag nyingdrakheart’s-blood Term bsnyen pa nyenpaapproximation retreat Term TaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypetā rā’i bla ri Taré Larithe Soul-Mountain of Tārā Place trak shad Trakshé Buddha gter tertreasure Term gter bdag srong btsan Terdak SongtsenTreasure Lord Songtsen Buddha gter nas ston pa terné tönpadiscovered as treasure Term rta mgrin TamdrinHayagrīva Buddha rta mgrin gsang sgrub Tamdrin SangdrupHayagrīva in his “Secret Accomplishment” form Buddha rta ma do nyag Tama Donyak Place rta tshag ye shes bstan pa’i mgon po Tatsak Yeshé Tenpé Gönpo 1760-1810 Person rtag brtan taktenpermanent and stable Term rtags brtan taktenstable sign Term rtags brten Takten Monastery rtags brten ri khrod Takten RitröTakten Hermitage Monastery rtags bstan taktenrevealed sign Term rtags bstan Takten Monastery rtags bstan sgrub phug Takten Druppuk Monastery rtags bstan ri khrod Takten RitröTakten Hermitage Monastery rten khang tenkhang Term mchod rten chöten stūpa Monument bstan ’gyur tengyurCollection of Translated Śāstras Tibetan text title bstan ’gyur lha khang Tengyur lhakhangTengyur chapel Building bstan nor mkhar rdo Tennor Khardo b. 1957 Person bstan ma Tenma Class of deities ThaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypethang ka tangka Term thang stong rgyal po Tangtong Gyelpo 1361-1485 Person thu’u bkwan Tuken 1737-1802 Person theg chen gso sbyong Tekchen SojongMahāyāna Precepts Term phyag stong spyan stong chaktong chentong Thousand-​Armed Thousand-​Eyed Avalokiteśvara Buddhist deity thogs med rin po che Tokmé Rinpoché 20th century Person thod smyon bsam grub Tönyön Samdrup 12th century Person thon mi Tönmi 7th century Person DaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypedā ma dama Term dā ma la nyag Damala Nyak Place da lai bla ma Dalai Lama Person da lai bla ma sku phreng dgu pa Dalai Lama Kutreng Gupathe Ninth Dalai Lama 1806-1815 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng brgyad pa ’jam dpal rgya mtsho Dalai Lama Kutreng Gyepa Jampel Gyatsothe Eighth Dalai Lama Jampel Gyatso 1758-1804 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng lnga pa Dalai Lama Kutreng Ngapathe Fifth Dalai Lama 1617-1682 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng lnga pa ngag dbang blo bzang rgya mtsho Dalai Lama Kutreng Ngapa Ngawang Lozang Gyatsothe Fifth Dalai Lama Ngawang Lozang Gyatso 1617-1682 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng bcu bzhi pa Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuzhipathe Fourteenth Dalai Lama b. 1935 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng bcu gsum pa Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuksumpathe Thirteenth Dalai Lama 1876-1933 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng bcu gsum pa thub bstan rgya mtsho Dalai Lama Kutreng Chuksumpa Tupten Gyatsothe Thirteenth Dalai Lama Tupten Gyatso 1876-1933 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng drug pa Dalai Lama Kutreng Drukpathe Sixth Dalai Lama 1683-1706 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng bdun pa Dalai Lama Kutreng Dünpathe Seventh Dalai Lama 1708-1757 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng bdun pa bskal bzang rgya mtsho Dalai Lama Kutreng Dünpa Kelzang Gyatsothe Seventh Dalai Lama Kelzang Gyatso 1708-1757 Person da lai bla ma sku phreng gsum pa Dalai Lama Kutreng Sumpathe Third Dalai Lama 1543-1588 Person ḍākinī dakiniḍākinī Term dam chen chos rgyal Damchen ChögyelDharmarāja Buddha dung dkar blo bzang ’phrin las Dungkar Lozang Trinlé 1927-1997 Person dung dkar tshig mdzod Dungkar TsikdzöDungkar Dictionary Tibetan text title dung dkar tshig mdzod chen mo Dungkar Tsikdzö ChenmoThe Great Dungkar Dictionary Tibetan text title dung dkar rin po che Dungkar Rinpoché 1927-1997 Person dur khrod durtröcemetery Term dus ’khor DükhorKālacakra Buddha de bi ko ṭi Debi KotiDebikoṭi Place de mo sku phreng brgyad pa ngag dbang blo bzang thub bstan ’jigs med rgya mtsho Demo Kutreng Gyepa Ngawang Lozang Tupten Jikmé Gyatsothe eighth Demo incarnation Ngawang Lozang Tupten Jikmé Gyatso 1778-1819 Person dog bde Dodé Place dog sde DokdéDodé Place dog sde lho smon Dodé Lhomön Place dwags po grwa tshang Dakpo DratsangDakpo College Monastery drag phyogs kyi las drakchokkyi léwrathful magical powers Term drang nges legs bshad snying po Drangngé Lekshé NyingpoThe Essence of Eloquence that Distinguishes between the Provisional and Definitive Meaning Tibetan text title drug pa tshe bzhi Drukpa TsezhiSixth-Month Fourth-Day Festival drung pa brtson ’grus rgyal mtshan Drungpa Tsöndrü Gyeltsen fl. 17th century Person drung pa rin po che Drungpa Rinpoché fl. 17th century Person gdan sa densaseats of learning Term gdan sa gsum Densa Sumthe three great Geluk seats of learning gdugs dkar Dukar Buddha gdugs pa’i bla ri Dukpé Larithe Parasol Soul Mountain Place gdugs yur dgon Dukyur Gön Monastery gdung rten dungtenfunerary stūpa Term bdag bskyed dakkyéself-generation Term bdag ’jug danjukself-initiation Term bde chen pho brang Dechen PodrangPalace of Great Bliss Room bde mchog DemchokCakrasaṃvara Buddha bde mchog gi pho brang Demchokgi PodrangPalace of Cakrasaṃvara Place bde mchog bla mchod Demchok LachöOffering to the Master Based on the Deity Cakrasaṃvara Ritual bde mchog bla ri Demchok LariSoul Mountain of Demchok Place mdo skal bzang Do KelzangSūtra of Good Fortune Tibetan text title ’du khang dukhangassembly hall Term ’dra sku drakusimulacrum (type of statue) Term rdo sku dokustone image Term rdo cung cong zhi’i phug pa Dochung Chongzhi PukpaCavern of Dochung Chongzhi Place rdo rje ’jigs byed Dorjé Jikjé Vajrabhairava Buddha rdo rje rnal ’byor ma Dorjé NeljormaVajrayoginī Buddha rdo rje btsun mo Dorjé Tsünmo Buddha rdo rje g.yu sgron ma Dorjé Yudrönma Buddha rdo rje shugs ldan Dorjé Shukden Buddha rdo rje sems dpa’ Dorjé SempaVajrasattva Buddha rdo gter Dodé Place rdo ring Doring Clan sdig pa chen po dikpa chenpogreat sin Term sde srid desiregent Term sde srid sangs rgyas rgya mtsho Desi Sanggyé Gyatso 1653-1705 Person NaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypena chung rtse mo ri Nachung Tsemo Ri Place na ro mkha’ spyod ma Naro Kachöma Buddha na ro mkha’ spyod ma’i bdag ’jug Naro Khachömé DanjukSelf-initiation Ritual of Naro Khachöma Ritual nag chu Nakchu Place nag chu zhabs brtan dgon pa Nakchu Zhapten Gönpa Monastery nag ril chen po zhig nakril chenpo zhika large dark shape Term nang rten gtso bo nangten tsowomain inner image(s) Term nam mkha’ rgyal mtshan Namkha Gyeltsen 1532-1592 Person nor bu gling kha Norbu Lingkha Place gnas kyi bla ma nekyi lamahead lama Term gnas sgo gdong Negodong Monastery gnas sgo gdong ri khrod Negodong Hermitage Monastery gnas bcu lha khang Nechu LhakhangTemple of the Sixteen Arhats Building gnas chung Nechung Buddha gnas brtan bcu drug Neten ChudrukSixteen Arhats Ritual gnas brtan bcu drug Neten ChudrukSixteen Arhats Buddha gnas brtan phyag mchod Neten ChakchöOffering of Homage to the (Sixteen) Arhats Ritual gnas brtan bla ri Neten Larithe Soul-Mountain of the Arhats Place gnas bdag nedaksite deity Term gnas nang Nenang Monastery gnas nang dgon pa Nenang GönpaNenang Nunnery Monastery gnas nang ri khrod Nenang RitröNenang Hermitage Monastery gnas mo Nemo Place gnas rtsa chen po né tsa chenpoa holy site Term gnas ri nerimountain-abode Term rnam grol lag bcangs Namdröl LakchangLiberation in Our Hands Tibetan text title rnam rgyal Namgyel Monastery rnam sras NamséVaiśravana Buddha rnam sras bang mdzod Namsé BangdzöTreasure-House of Vaiśravaṇa Room rnal ’byor ma’i bdag ’jug Neljormé DanjukSelf-Initiation Ritual of Vajrayoginī Ritual PaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypepadma ’byung gnas Pema JungnéPadmasambhava 8th century Person paṇ chen sku phreng gsum pa Penchen Kutreng Sumpathe Third Penchen Lama Person paṇ chen bde legs nyi ma Penchen Delek Nyima 16th century Person paṇ chen bla ma Penchen Lama Person paṇ chen blo bzang ye shes Penchen Lozang Yeshé 1663-1737 Person po ta la Potala Building po to ba rin chen gsal Potowa Rinchen Sel 1027/31-1105 Person dpa’ grong shag pa Padrong Shakpa Clan dpal ldan lha mo Pelden Lhamo Buddha dpal ’byor rab rgyas Peljor Rapgyé 1604-1669 Person dpal lha mo Pel Lhamo Buddha dpe cha ba pechawatextualist Term dpe mtshams petsamtextual retreat Term dpyid kyi rgyal mo’i klu dbyangs Chikyi Gyelmo LuyangThe Nāga Song of the Queen of Springtime Tibetan text title spang lung Panglung Monastery spang lung ri khrod Panglung RitröPanglung Hermitage Monastery spangs lung sku phreng dang po blo bzang thugs rje Panglung Kutreng Dangpo Lozang Tukjéthe first Panglung incarnation Lozang Tukjé 1770-ca. 1835 Person spo ’bo ra spyi khang Bombora Chikhang Building spyi mi chimirepresentative Term sprul sku trülkuincarnation Term PhaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypepha dam pa Pa Dampa b. 11th century Person pha dam pa sangs rgyas Pa Dampa Sanggyé b. 11th century Person pha bong PabongThe Boulder Building pha bong kha Pabongkha Monastery pha bong kha PabongkhaThe Boulder House Building pha bong kha rgya mtsho mtha’ yas Pabongkha Gyatso Tayé b. 18th century Person pha bong kha bde chen snying po Pabongkha Dechen Nyingpo 1878-1941 Person pha bong kha pa Pabongkhapa 1878-1941 Person pha bong kha sprul sku Pabongkha TrülkuPabongkha incarnation Person pha bong kha bla brang Pabongkha LabrangPabongkha Lama’s estate Organization pha bong kha ri khrod Pabongkha RitröPabongkha Hermitage Monastery pha bong kha rin po che Pabongkha Rinpoché 1878-1941 Person pha bong kha’i dkar chag Pabongkhé KarchakA Catalogue of Pabongkha Tibetan text title phag mo gru pa Pakmo Drupa Organization phun tshogs ’phrin las Püntsok Trinlé 20th century Person phun tshogs rab rgyas Püntsok Rapgyé 20th century Person phur lcog Purchok Monastery phur lcog sku phreng gnyis pa blo bzang byams pa Purchok Kutreng Nyipa Lozang Jampathe second Purchok incarnation Lozang Jampa 1763-1823 Person phur lcog sku phreng dang po ngag dbang byams pa Purchok Kutreng Dangpo Ngawang Jampathe first Purchok incarnation Ngawang Jampa 1682-1762 Person phur lcog sku phreng gsum pa blo bzang tshul khrims byams pa rgya mtsho Purchok Kutreng Sumpa Lozang Tsültrim Jampa Gyatsothe third Purchok incarnation Lozang Tsültrim Jampa Gyatso 1825-1901 Person phur lcog sku phreng gsum pa yongs ’dzin byams pa rgya mtsho Purchok Kutreng Sumpa Yongdzin Jampa Gyatsothe third Purchok incarnation Yongdzin Jampa Gyatso Person phur lcog ngag dbang byams pa Purchok Ngawang Jampa 1682-1762 Person phur lcog bla brang Purchok LabrangPurchok Lama’s estate Organization phur lcog bla ma Purchok lama Person phur lcog blo bzang tshul khrims byams pa rgya mtsho Purchok Lozang Tsültrim Jampa Gyatso 1825-1901 Person phur lcog ri Purchok RiPurchok Mountain Place phur lcog ri khrod Purchok RitröPurchok Hermitage Monastery phur lcog rigs gsum byang chub gling gi byung ba mdo tsam brjod pa Purchok Riksum Jangchup Linggi Jungwa Dotsam JöpaA Brief Explanation of the History of Purchok Riksum Jangchup Ling Tibetan text title phur lcog rigs gsum byang chub gling gi byung ba mdo tsam brjod pa dad gsum ’dren pa’i lcags kyu Purchok Riksum Jangchup Linggi Jungwa Dotsam Jöpa Desum Drenpé ChakkyuA Brief History of Purchok Riksum Jangchup Ling: A Hook to Draw in the Three Types of Faith Tibetan text title phur lcog rin po che Purchok Rinpoché Person phur bu lcog Purbuchok Monastery phur bu lcog ri khrod PurbuchokRitrö Monastery phur byung PurjungA Brief History of Purchok Tibetan text title pho brang ngos podrang ngöthe actual palace Term pho lha nas Polhané 1689-1747 Person phyag mdzod chandzöadministrative head Term phyi dar chidarlater propagation period Term phrin las rgya mtsho Trinlé Gyatso d. 1667 Person ’phags pa Pakpa 1235-1280 Person ’phags pa shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa brgyad stong pa’i mdo Pakpa Sherapkyi Paröltu Chinpa Gyetongpé DoEight Thousand-Line Perfection of Wisdom Sūtra Āryāṣṭasāhasrikāprajñāpāramitā Sūtra Tibetan text title ’phan po Penpo Place ’pho ba powatransition of consciousness Term BaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypebar skor Barkor Place sangs rgyas sanggyé Buddha Buddhist deity bai ḍūrya ser po Baidurya SerpoYellow Lapis Tibetan text title bod ljongs nang bstan Böjong NangtenTibetan Buddhism Tibetan journal title bod ljongs mi dmangs dpe skrun khang Böjong Mimang Petrünkhang Publisher byang JangNorthern Tibet Place byang chub chos ’phel Jangchup Chöpel 1756-1838 Person byang chos ’khor gling Jang Chökhor Ling Monastery byams khang JamkhangMaitreya Chapel Room byams chen chos rje Jamchen Chöjé 1354-1435 Person byams pa JampaMaitreya Buddha byams pa gling Jampa Ling Monastery byams pa bstan ’dzin ’phrin las rgya mtsho Jampa Tendzin Trinlé Gyatso 1878-1941 Person byams pa thub bstan rin po che Jampa Tupten Rinpoché 20th century Person byin can jinchenblessed Term byin rlabs jinlapblessing Term byes Jé Monastery byes mkhan po rgyal mtshan don grub Jé Khenpo Gyeltsen Döndrup 17th century Person byes sgom sde khang tshan Jé Gomdé KhangtsenJé Gomdé Regional House Monastery subunit byes ’du khang Jé DukhangJé College Assembly Hall Building byes har gdong khang tshan Jé Hamdong KhangtsenHamdong Regional House of the Jé College Monastery subunit brag mchod sa Drak ChösaOffering Place Cave Place brag ri Drakri Monastery brag ri drakricrag Term brag ri sku phreng gnyis pa rgya mtsho chos ’byor Drakri Kutreng Nyipa Gyatso Chönjorthe second Drakri incarnation Gyatso Chönjor b. 19th century Person brag ri rgya mtsho mtha’ yas Drakri Gyatso Tayé Person brag ri sprul sku Drakri TrülkuDrakri incarnation Person brag ri sprul sku blo bzang theg mchog dbang po Drakri Trülku Lozang Tekchok Wangpothe Drakri incarnation Lozang Tekchok Wangpo Person brag ri bla brang Drakri LabrangDrakri Lama’s estate Organization brag ri bla ma Drakri lama Person brag ri ri khrod Drakri RitröDrakri Hermitage Monastery brag ri rin po che Drakri Rinpoché Person bla brang labranglama’s estate Term bla ma lama Term bla ma mchod pa tshog Lama Chöpa TsokOffering-Ritual to the Lama Ritual bla ma zhang Lama Zhang 1123-1193 Person bla ri larisoul mountain Term blo bzang sgom chung Lozang GomchungLozang the Little Meditator Person blo bzang ye shes bstan ’dzin rgya mtsho Lozang Yeshé Tendzin Gyatso 1901-1981 Person dbang ’dus ’khor lo Wangdü KhorloCycle for Gathering Power Tibetan text title dbang phyug chen po Wangchuk ChenpoMaheśvara Buddha dbu gdugs ri UdukriMount Parasol Place dbu mdzad umdzéchant leader Term dben gnas enésolitary site Term dben sa ensasolitary place Term dben sa pa ensaparecluse Term dben sa pa EnsapaEnsapa 1504/5-1565/6 Person dben sa pa blo bzang don grub Ensapa Lozang Döndrup 1504/5-1565/6 Person dbyar gnas yarnérainy-season retreat Term ’bras spungs Drepung Monastery ’brog pa drokpanomad Term sba ri Bari sba ri bla brang Bari LabrangBari Lama’s estate Organization sba ri bla ma Bari lama Person sba ri ri khrod Bari RitröBari Hermitage Monastery sba ri rin po che Bari Rinpoché Person sbyin bdag jindakpatron Term MaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypema cig lab sgron Machik Lapdrön 12th century Person ma ṇi bka’ ’bum Mani KabumThe Compendium on the Maṇi [Mantra] Tibetan text title ma ṇi ’khor lo mani khorlomani wheel Term ma ṇi lha khang mani lhakhangmani [wheel] temple Term maṇḍala mendelmaṇḍala Term mi chos gtsang ma bcu drug michö tsangma chudruksixteen rules of purity for the populace Term mi dbang byams pa Miwang JampaMaitreya as Lord of Men Buddha mi g.yo ba MiyowaAcala Buddha mi la’i brag Milé DrakCave of Mila Cave mi ser miserserf Term me tog char babs metog charbaprained flowers Term me mo phag memopakfemale-fire-pig (year) Date mes dbon Mewön Person mo barha nyag Mo Barha Nyak Place dmar gdung mardungmummified corpse Term rmog tho ’go Moktogo Place smad Mé Monastery smad ’du khang Mé DukhangMé College Assembly Hall Building smad bla zur blo bzang don grub Mé Lazur Lozang Döndrup Person sman bla MenlaMedicine Buddha Buddha sman bla MenlaMedicine Buddha Ritual sman bla bde gshegs brgyad Menla Deshek GyéRitual of the Eight Medicine Buddhas Ritual sman bla bde gshegs brgyad Menla Deshek GyéEight Medicine Buddhas Buddha sman bla yid bzhin dbang rgyal Menla Yizhin WanggyelMedicine Buddha [Ritual]: Yizhin Wanggyel Ritual smyung gnas nyungnéfasting ritual Ritual TsaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypetsa khang tsakhangclay tablet repository Term tsa tsa tsatsapressed-clay tablets Term tsong kha brgyad bcu Tsongkha GyepchuEighty Deeds of Tsongkhapa Series of paintings tsong kha pa Tsongkhapa 1357-1419 Person gtsang Tsang Place btsan khang tsenkhangtsen chapel Term rtsa shes ṭīk chen Tsashé TikchenGreat Commentary on the Prajñāmūla Tibetan text title rtsa gsum lha khang Tsasum Lhakhang“Three Roots” Chapel Room rtsam pa tsampa Term TshaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypetsha khang tshan Tsa KhangtsenTsa Regional House Monastery subunit tshal pa bka’ brgyud Tselpa Kagyü Organization tshe mchog gling Tsechokling Monastery tshe dpag med lha dgu Tsepakmé LhaguNine Deities [related to] Amitāyus Buddha tshes bcu phug TsechupukCave of the Tenth Day Room tshes bcu lha khang Tsechu LhakhangTemple of the Tenth Day Room tshogs chen TsokchenGreat Assembly Hall Building tshogs chen sprul sku Tsokchen Trülkuincarnation of the Great Assembly Hall Term tshogs gtam tsoktampublic admonition Term tshogs bdag lag na ’khor lo Tsokdak Lakna KhorloCycle on Gaṇeśa Tibetan text title tshong pa tsongpamerchant Term tshoms chen shar Tsomchen SharEastern Assembly Hall Building mtshan zhabs tsenzhapassistant tutor Term mtshams pa tsamparetreatant Term mtsho tsolake Term mtsho sngon po Tso NgönpoKokonor Place mtshon cha’i ’khor lo tsönché khorlowheel of weapons Term DzaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypemdzo dzo Term ’dzam gling rgyas bshad Dzamling GyeshéExtensive Explanation of the World Tibetan text title WaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypewāginḍamatibhadrapaṭu bandashāsadharasagara Vagindamatibhadrapatu Bandashasadharasagara Person ZhaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypezhang ’gro ba’i mgon po g.yu brag pa Zhang Drowé Gönpo Yudrakpa 1123-1193 Person zhabs rjes zhapjéfootprint Term zhabs brtan zhaptenritual Term zhi byed ZhijéPacification Organization zhing pa zhingpafarmer Term gzhi bdag zhidaksite-spirit Term gzhung dgon zhunggönstate monastery Term gzhung sgo zhunggomain door Term gzhung pa khang tshan Zhungpa KhangtsenZhungpa Regional House Monastery subunit ZaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypezangs dkar ZangkarZangskar Place zangs mdog dpal ri Zangdok PelriGlorious Copper-Colored Mountain Place zangs ri Zangri Place zangs ri mkhar dmar Zangri Karmar Monastery gzim khang zimkhangresidence Term gzims khang gong ma Zimkhang GongmaUpper Residence Building gzungs ’bul zungbülto offer zung [inside of statues] Term bzod pa rgya mtsho Zöpa Gyatso 1672-1749 Person ’AExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateType’od zer phung po che Özer PungpochéGreat Heap of Light Place ’ol khar ÖlkharÖlkhar Place YaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypeyang gam yanggamwealth-box Term yi dam yidamtutelary deities Term yig cha yikcha(a monastery’s) ritual texts Term yul nyer bzhi’i ya rgyal/ de bi ko ṭi dang ming gzhan pha bong kha byang chub shing gi nags khrod du bkod pa’i dkar chag dad ldan padmo rgyas byed gzi sbyin ’od stong ’bar ba’i nor bu Yül Nyerzhi Yagyel/ Debi Koti dang Mingzhen Pabongkha Jangchup Shinggi Naktrödu Kopé Karchak Deden Pemo Gyejé Zijin Ötong Barwé NorbuAn Inventory of [the Institution that,] from among the Four Sites, is Debikoṭi, a.k.a. Pabongkha, Forest of Bodhi Trees: A Jewel Radiating a Thousand Rays, the Resplendent Ripener of the Lotus of the Faithful Tibetan text title ye shes rgyal mtshan Yeshé Gyeltsen 1713-1793 Person yongs ’dzin ye shes rgyal mtshan Yongdzin Yeshé Gyeltsen 1713-1793 Person RaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypera kha brag Rakhadrak Monastery ra kha brag ri khrod Rakhadrak RitröRakhadrak Hermitage Monastery ra kha brag a zhu bsod nams Rakhadrak Azhu Sönam b. 17th century Person ra mo che RamochéGreat Female Goat [Temple] Building ra sa Rasa Place rang byon rangjönself-arisen image Term rab byung rapjungcalendrical cycle Term rab gsal rapselsun room Term ri rithe mountain Term ri khrod ritröhermitage Term ri khrod pa ritröpahermit Term ri ’khor rikhormountain circumambulation ri ’go sgo ma Rigo Goma Place ri chen gsum Richen SumThree Great Mountains Place rigs pa’i rgya mstho Rikpé GyatsoOcean of Reasoning Tibetan text title rigs ’dzin chos kyi rdo rje Rikdzin Chökyi Dorjé b. 1790? Person rigs gsum mgon po Riksum GönpoThree Protectors Buddha rigs gsum mgon po lha khang Riksum Gönpo LhakhangTemple of the Three Protectors Building rin po che rinpoché Term rus sbal pho rübelpomale turtle Place rus sbal mo rübelmofemale turtle Place rwa sgreng Radreng d. 1947 Person rwa sgreng sku sgreng lnga pa Radreng Kutreng Ngapathe fifth Radreng incarnation d. 1947 Person rwa sgreng rin po che Radreng Rinpoché d. 1947 Person LaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypelam rim lamrimgraded stages of the path Term lam rim ’jam dpal zhal lung Lamrim Jampel ZhellungThe Revelations of Mañjuśrī: A Lamrim Tibetan text title lam rim bde lam Lamrim DelamThe Easy Path: A Lamrim Tibetan text title las rung lerungenabling retreat Term li thang Litang Place lo gsar LosarNew Year Festival ShaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypeshug pa’i nags bla ri Shukpé Nak LariThe Soul-Mountain of Juniper Forests Place shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa’i mdo Sherapkyi Paröltu Chinpé DoPerfection of Wisdom Sūtras Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra Tibetan text title gshin rje’i rang thag Shinjé Rangtakthe Mill of the Shinjé Term bshes gnyen tshul khrims Shenyen Tsültrim 20th century Person SaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypesa skya Sakya Organization sa skya pa Sakyapa Organization sa skya pa bsod nams rgyal mtshan Sakyapa Sönam Gyeltsen Person sa brtag sataksite investigation Term sa bdag sadakgeo-spirits Term sa dpyad sachésite investigations Term sa pho bya sapojamale-earth-bird (year) Date sa sbyang sajangpurity of the site Term sangs rgyas rgya mtsho Sanggyé Gyatso 1653-1705 Person sad mi mi bdun semi midünthe first seven Tibetan monks Term sin dhu ra sindura sindhura Term se ra Sera Monastery se ra byes grwa tshang Sera Dratsang JéSera Jé College Monastery se ra sngags pa grwa tshang Sera Ngakpa DratsangSera Tantric College Monastery se ra chos sdings Sera Chöding Monastery se ra chos sdings ri khrod Sera Chöding RitröSera Chöding Hermitage Monastery se ra theg chen khang gsar Sera Tekchen Khangsar Building se ra theg chen gling Sera Tekchen LingSera Mahāýāna Monastery Monastery se ra pa ’jam dbyangs grags pa Serapa Jamyang Drakpa b. 17th century Person se ra spyi so Sera chisoSera as a whole Monastery se ra phur pa Sera purpaSera dagger Term se ra byes Sera JéSera Jé (College) Monastery se ra dbu rtse Sera Utsé Monastery se ra dbu rtse Sera utséSera peak Term se ra dbu rtse ri khrod Sera Utsé RitröSera Utsé Hermitage Monastery se ra smad Sera MéSera Mé (College) Monastery se ra rtse Sera tséSera peak Term se ra tshogs chen Sera TsokchenSera Great Assembly Hall Building se ra’i ri khrod Seré ritröhermitage of Sera Term se ra’i ri ’khor Seré RikhorSera Mountain Circumambulation Circuit Pilgrimage cycle seng gdong ma SengdongmaLion-Headed Ḍākinī Buddha ser smad thos bsam nor gling grwa tshang gi chos ’byung lo rgyus nor bu’i phreng ba Sermé Tösam Norling Dratsanggi Chöjung Logyü Norbü TrengwaA History of the Sermé Tösam Norling College: A Garland of Jewels Tibetan text title ser smad lo rgyus Sermé LogyüA History of Sermé Tibetan text title srung ma sungmaprotector deity Term srog snying soknyinglife-essence Term srong btsan sgam po Songtsen Gampo 604-650 Person slob dpon loppönsenior teacher Term gsag sbyang sakjangaccumulation and purification Term gsang ba ’dus pa Sangwa DüpaGuhyasamāja Buddha gsar sarnew Term gsung byon ma sungjönmaspeaking-statue Term gser ma hā Ser Maha Buddha gser yig pa seryikpabearer of the golden letter Term gso sbyong Sojongmonastic confession ritual Ritual bsangs gsol dar ’dzugs sangsöl dardzuk(to) make burnt juniper offerings and raise flags Term HaExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypeha ha rgod pa’i dur khrod Haha Göpé Durtrö Place har gdong khang tshan Hamdong KhangtsenHamdong Regional House Monastery subunit hwa shang Hashang Person lha mo Lhamo Buddha lha mo khar Lhamokhar Place lha mo nyi ma gzhon nu Lhamo Nyima Zhönnu Buddha lha mo nyi gzhon Lhamo Nyizhön Buddha lha btsun rin po che Lhaptsün Rinpoché Person lha btsun rin po che’i bla brang Lhaptsün Rinpoché LabrangLhaptsün Rinpoché’s estate Organization lha btsun rin po che’i bla brang Lhaptsün Rinpoché Labrangestate of Lhaptsün Rinpoché Organization lha bzang Lhazang d. 1717 Person lha bzang khāng Lhazang KhangLhazang Khan d. 1717 Person lha lung dpal gyi rdo rje Lhalung Pelgyi Dorjé 9th century Person lha sa Lhasa Place lha sa’i dgon tho Lhasé GöntoA Catalogue of the Monasteries of Lhasa Tibetan text title lha sa’i dgon tho rin chen spungs rgyan Lhasé Gönto Rinchen PunggyenA Catalogue of the Monasteries of Lhasa: A Heap of Jewels Tibetan text title lho pa khang tshan Lhopa KhangtsenLhopa Regional House Monastery subunit a kha bsod nams bzang po Akha Sönam Zangpo b. 17th century Person AExtended WyliePhoneticsEnglishSanskritDateTypea khu rin po che Akhu Rinpoché 1803-1875 Person a mdo rdo rje sku ’bum Amdo Dorjé Kumbum Place a ma amamother Term oṃ maṇi padme hūṃ om mani peme humoṃ maṇi padme hūṃ Mantra Notes [1] An informant, a former monk of the hermitage (ritrö), says that the word ke’u tshang means “small monastery.” [2] The Tibetan word a ma literally means “mother,” but it is also a cry of fear. [3] Dungkar Lozang Trinlé, Dungkar Tsikdzö Chenmo [The Great Dungkar Dictionary] (Krung go’i bod rig pa dpe skrun khang, 2002), 92. [4] An informant tells us that even the first Keutsang Lama was born into the Doring family, but this has yet to be verified. #!essay=/cabezon/sera/herm/keutsang/